- About
- Editorial board
- Articles
- Special issues
- Highlight articles
- Manuscript tracking
- Subscribe to alerts
- Peer review
- For authors
- For reviewers
- EGU publications
- Imprint
- Data protection
Journal cover
Journal topic
Solid Earth
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
Journal topic
- About
- Editorial board
- Articles
- Special issues
- Highlight articles
- Manuscript tracking
- Subscribe to alerts
- Peer review
- For authors
- For reviewers
- EGU publications
- Imprint
- Data protection
Journal metrics
Journal metrics
IF 2.380
3.147CiteScore
3.06SNIP 1.335
SJR 0.779
index 32h5-index 31
Abstracted/indexed
Abstracted/indexed
SE | Volume 10, issue 2
Solid Earth, 10, 517–536, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-517-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-517-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue: Advances in seismic imaging across the scales
Solid Earth, 10, 517–536, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-517-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-517-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article 11 Apr 2019
Review article | 11 Apr 2019
Green's theorem in seismic imaging across the scales
Kees Wapenaar et al.Related authors
Joeri Brackenhoff, Jan Thorbecke, and Kees Wapenaar
Solid Earth, 10, 1301–1319, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1301-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1301-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes in the subsurface are hard to monitor due to their complicated signals. We aim to make the monitoring of the subsurface possible by redatuming the sources and the receivers from the surface of the Earth to the subsurface to monitor earthquakes originating from small faults in the subsurface. By using several sources together, we create complex earthquake signals for large-scale faults sources.
Joeri Brackenhoff, Jan Thorbecke, and Kees Wapenaar
Solid Earth, 10, 1301–1319, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1301-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1301-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes in the subsurface are hard to monitor due to their complicated signals. We aim to make the monitoring of the subsurface possible by redatuming the sources and the receivers from the surface of the Earth to the subsurface to monitor earthquakes originating from small faults in the subsurface. By using several sources together, we create complex earthquake signals for large-scale faults sources.
Related subject area
Subject area: Crustal structure and composition | Editorial team: Seismics, seismology, geoelectrics, and electromagnetics | Discipline: Seismology
Lithospheric image of the Central Iberian Zone (Iberian Massif) using global-phase seismic interferometry
Modeling active fault systems and seismic events by using a fiber bundle model – example case: the Northridge aftershock sequence
Visual analytics of aftershock point cloud data in complex fault systems
Passive processing of active nodal seismic data: estimation of VP∕VS ratios to characterize structure and hydrology of an alpine valley infill
Monitoring of induced distributed double-couple sources using Marchenko-based virtual receivers
Fault reactivation by gas injection at an underground gas storage off the east coast of Spain
ER3D: a structural and geophysical 3-D model of central Emilia-Romagna (northern Italy) for numerical simulation of earthquake ground motion
Migration of reflector orientation attributes in deep seismic profiles: evidence for decoupling of the Yilgarn Craton lower crust
The cross-dip correction as a tool to improve imaging of crooked-line seismic data: a case study from the post-glacial Burträsk fault, Sweden
Near-surface structure of the North Anatolian Fault zone from Rayleigh and Love wave tomography using ambient seismic noise
Power spectra of random heterogeneities in the solid earth
A multi-technology analysis of the 2017 North Korean nuclear test
Obtaining reliable source locations with time reverse imaging: limits to array design, velocity models and signal-to-noise ratios
Juvenal Andrés, Deyan Draganov, Martin Schimmel, Puy Ayarza, Imma Palomeras, Mario Ruiz, and Ramon Carbonell
Solid Earth, 10, 1937–1950, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1937-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1937-2019, 2019
Marisol Monterrubio-Velasco, F. Ramón Zúñiga, José Carlos Carrasco-Jiménez, Víctor Márquez-Ramírez, and Josep de la Puente
Solid Earth, 10, 1519–1540, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1519-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1519-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake aftershocks display spatiotemporal correlations arising from their self-organized critical behavior. Stochastical models such as the fiber bundle (FBM) permit the use of an analog of the physical model that produces a statistical behavior with many similarities to real series. In this work, a new model based on FBM that includes geometrical faults systems is proposed. Our analysis focuses on aftershock statistics, and as a study case we modeled the Northridge sequence.
Chisheng Wang, Junzhuo Ke, Jincheng Jiang, Min Lu, Wenqun Xiu, Peng Liu, and Qingquan Li
Solid Earth, 10, 1397–1407, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1397-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1397-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The point cloud of located aftershocks contains the information which can directly reveal the fault geometry and temporal evolution of an earthquake sequence. However, there is a lack of studies using state-of-the-art visual analytics methods to explore the data to discover hidden information about the earthquake fault. We present a novel interactive approach to illustrate 3-D aftershock point clouds, which can help the seismologist to better understand the complex fault system.
Michael Behm, Feng Cheng, Anna Patterson, and Gerilyn S. Soreghan
Solid Earth, 10, 1337–1354, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1337-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1337-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
New acquisition styles for active seismic source exploration provide a wealth of additional quasi-passive data. We show how these data can be used to gain complementary information about the subsurface. Specifically, we process an active-source dataset from an alpine valley in western Colorado with both active and passive inversion schemes. The results provide new insights on subsurface hydrology based on the ratio of P-wave and S-wave velocity structures.
Joeri Brackenhoff, Jan Thorbecke, and Kees Wapenaar
Solid Earth, 10, 1301–1319, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1301-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1301-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes in the subsurface are hard to monitor due to their complicated signals. We aim to make the monitoring of the subsurface possible by redatuming the sources and the receivers from the surface of the Earth to the subsurface to monitor earthquakes originating from small faults in the subsurface. By using several sources together, we create complex earthquake signals for large-scale faults sources.
Antonio Villaseñor, Robert B. Herrmann, Beatriz Gaite, and Arantza Ugalde
Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2019-113, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2019-113, 2019
Revised manuscript accepted for SE
Short summary
Short summary
We present new earthquake focal depths and fault orientations for earthquakes occurred in 2013 in the vicinity of an underground gas storage off the east coast of Spain. Our focal depths are in the range of 5–10 km, notably deeper than the depth of the gas injection (2 km). The obtained fault orientations also differ from the predominant faults at shallow depths. This suggests that the faults reactivated are deeper, previously unmapped faults occurring beneath the sedimentary layers.
Peter Klin, Giovanna Laurenzano, Maria Adelaide Romano, Enrico Priolo, and Luca Martelli
Solid Earth, 10, 931–949, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-931-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-931-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using geological and geophysical data, we set up a 3-D digital description of the underground structure in the central part of the Po alluvial plain. By means of computer-simulated propagation of seismic waves, we were able to identify the structural features that caused the unexpected elongation and amplification of the earthquake ground motion that was observed in the area during the 2012 seismic crisis. The study permits a deeper understanding of the seismic hazard in alluvial basins.
Andrew J. Calvert and Michael P. Doublier
Solid Earth, 10, 637–645, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-637-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-637-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Deep (> 40 km) seismic reflection surveys are acquired on land along crooked roads. Using the varying azimuth between source and receiver, the true 3-D orientation of crustal structures can be determined. Applying this method to a survey over the ancient Australian Yilgarn Craton reveals that most reflectors in the lower crust exhibit a systematic dip perpendicular to those in the overlying crust, consistent with lateral flow of a weak lower crust in the hotter early Earth 2.7 billion years ago.
Ruth A. Beckel and Christopher Juhlin
Solid Earth, 10, 581–598, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-581-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Scandinavia is crossed by extensive fault scarps that have likely been caused by huge earthquakes when the ice sheets of the last glacial melted. Due to the inaccessibility of the terrain, reflection seismic data have to be collected along crooked lines, which reduces the imaging quality unless special corrections are applied. We developed a new correction method that is very tolerant to noise and used it to improve the reflection image of such a fault and refine its geological interpretation.
George Taylor, Sebastian Rost, Gregory A. Houseman, and Gregor Hillers
Solid Earth, 10, 363–378, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-363-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-363-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We constructed a seismic velocity model of the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey. We found that the fault is located within a region of reduced seismic velocity and skirts the edges of a geological unit that displays high seismic velocity, indicating that this unit could be stronger than the surrounding material. Furthermore, we found that seismic waves travel fastest in the NE–SW direction, which is the direction of maximum extension for this part of Turkey and indicates mineral alignment.
Haruo Sato
Solid Earth, 10, 275–292, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-275-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-275-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recent seismological observations clarified that the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle is randomly heterogeneous. I compile reported power spectral density functions of random velocity fluctuations based on various types of measurements. Their spectral envelope is approximated by the third power of wavenumber. It is interesting to study what kinds of geophysical processes created such a power-law spectral envelope at different scales and in different geological environments.
Peter Gaebler, Lars Ceranna, Nima Nooshiri, Andreas Barth, Simone Cesca, Michaela Frei, Ilona Grünberg, Gernot Hartmann, Karl Koch, Christoph Pilger, J. Ole Ross, and Torsten Dahm
Solid Earth, 10, 59–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-59-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-59-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
On 3 September 2017 official channels of the Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea announced the successful test of a nuclear device. This study provides a
multi-technology analysis of the 2017 North Korean event and its aftermath using a wide array of geophysical methods (seismology, infrasound, remote sensing, radionuclide monitoring, and atmospheric transport modeling). Our results clearly indicate that the September 2017 North Korean event was in fact a nuclear test.
Claudia Werner and Erik H. Saenger
Solid Earth, 9, 1487–1505, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1487-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1487-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Time reverse imaging is a method for locating quasi-simultaneous or low-amplitude earthquakes. Numerous three-dimensional synthetic simulations were performed to discover the influence of station distributions, complex velocity models and high noise rates on the reliability of localisations. The guidelines obtained enable the estimation of the localisation success rates of an existing station set-up and provide the basis for designing new arrays.
Cited articles
Abe, S., Kurashimo, E., Sato, H., Hirata, N., Iwasaki, T., and Kawanaka, T.:
Interferometric seismic imaging of crustal structure using scattered
teleseismic waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L19305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030633, 2007. a
Aki, K.: Space and time spectra of stationary stochastic waves, with special
reference to micro-tremors, Bull. Earthq. Res.
Inst., 35, 415–457, 1957. a
Almagro Vidal, C., van der Neut, J., Verdel, A., Hartstra, I. E., and Wapenaar,
K.: Passive body-wave interferometric imaging with directionally constrained
migration, Geophys. J. Int., 215, 1022–1036, 2018. a
Anderson, B. E., Guyer, R. A., Ulrich, T. J., Le Bas, P.-Y., Larmat, C.,
Griffa, M., and Johnson, P. A.: Energy current imaging method for time
reversal in elastic media, Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, 021907, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3180811, 2009. a
Bakulin, A. and Calvert, R.: The virtual source method: Theory and case
study, Geophysics, 71, SI139–SI150, 2006. a
Baysal, E., Kosloff, D. D., and Sherwood, J. W. C.: Reverse time migration,
Geophysics, 48, 1514–1524, 1983. a
Bensen, G. D., Ritzwoller, M. H., Barmin, M. P., Levshin, A. L., Lin, F.,
Moschetti, M. P., Shapiro, N. M., and Yang, Y.: Processing seismic ambient
noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dispersion
measurements, Geophys. J. Int., 169, 1239–1260, 2007. a
Bensen, G. D., Ritzwoller, M. H., and Shapiro, N. M.: Broadband ambient noise
surface wave tomography across the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B05306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005248, 2008. a
Berkhout, A. J. and Wapenaar, C. P. A.: A unified approach to acoustical
reflection imaging. Part II: The inverse problem, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 93, 2017–2023, 1993. a
Berryhill, J. R.: Wave-equation datuming before stack, Geophysics, 49,
2064–2066, 1984. a
Bleistein, N.: On the imaging of reflectors in the Earth, Geophysics, 52,
931–942, 1987. a
Blondel, T., Chaput, J., Derode, A., Campillo, M., and Aubry, A.: Matrix
approach of seismic imaging: Application to the Erebus Volcano,
Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 123, 10936–10950, 2018. a
Boué, P., Poli, P., Campillo, M., and Roux, P.: Reverberations, coda waves
and ambient noise: Correlations at the global scale and retrieval of deep
phases, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 391, 137–145, 2014. a
Boullenger, B., Verdel, A., Paap, B., Thorbecke, J., and Draganov, D.: Studying
CO2 storage with ambient-noise seismic interferometry: A combined
numerical feasibility study and field-data example for Ketzin, Germany,
Geophysics, 80, Q1–Q13, 2015. a
Brackenhoff, J., Thorbecke, J., and Wapenaar, K.: Monitoring induced distributed double-couple
sources using Marchenko-based virtual receivers, Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2018-142,
in review, 2019. a, b, c
Cassereau, D. and Fink, M.: Time-reversal of ultrasonic fields - Part III:
Theory of the closed time-reversal cavity, IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., and Freq. Control, 39, 579–592, 1992. a
Challis, L. and Sheard, F.: The Green of Green functions, Physics Today,
56, 41–46, 2003. a
Chaput, J. A. and Bostock, M. G.: Seismic interferometry using non-volcanic
tremor in Cascadia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L07304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL028987, 2007. a
Claerbout, J. F.: Synthesis of a layered medium from its acoustic transmission
response, Geophysics, 33, 264–269, 1968. a
Clapp, R. G., Fu, H., and Lindtjorn, O.: Selecting the right hardware for
reverse time migration, The Leading Edge, 29, 48–58, 2010. a
Curtis, A. and Halliday, D.: Directional balancing for seismic and general
wavefield interferometry, Geophysics, 75, SA1–SA14, 2010a. a
Curtis, A. and Halliday, D.: Source-receiver wavefield interferometry, Phys. Rev. E, 81, 046601, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.81.046601, 2010b. a
Davydenko, M. and Verschuur, D. J.: Full-wavefield migration: using surface and
internal multiples in imaging, Geophys. Prosp., 65, 7–21, 2017. a
Douma, J. and Snieder, R.: Focusing of elastic waves for microseismic imaging,
Geophys. J. Int., 200, 390–401, 2015. a
Draganov, D., Wapenaar, K., Mulder, W., Singer, J., and Verdel, A.: Retrieval
of reflections from seismic background-noise measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L04305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028735, 2007. a
Draganov, D., Campman, X., Thorbecke, J., Verdel, A., and Wapenaar, K.:
Reflection images from ambient seismic noise, Geophysics, 74, A63–A67, 2009. a
Draganov, D., Campman, X., Thorbecke, J., Verdel, A., and Wapenaar, K.: Seismic
exploration-scale velocities and structure from ambient seismic noise (>1 Hz), J. Geophys. Res., 118, 4345–4360, 2013. a
Duvall, T. L., Jefferies, S. M., Harvey, J. W., and Pomerantz, M. A.:
Time-distance helioseismology, Nature, 362, 430–432, 1993. a
Esmersoy, C. and Oristaglio, M.: Reverse-time wave-field extrapolation,
imaging, and inversion, Geophysics, 53, 920–931, 1988. a
Etgen, J., Gray, S. H., and Zhang, Y.: An overview of depth imaging in
exploration geophysics, Geophysics, 74, WCA5–WCA17, 2009. a
Fichtner, A., Stehly, L., Ermert, L., and Boehm, C.: Generalized interferometry
− I: theory for interstation correlations, Geophys. J. Int., 208, 603–638, 2017. a
Fischer, M. and Langenberg, K. J.: Limitations and defects of certain inverse
scattering theories, IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop., 32, 1080–1088, 1984. a
Fokkema, J. T. and van den Berg, P. M.: Seismic applications of acoustic
reciprocity, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993. a
Forghani, F. and Snieder, R.: Underestimation of body waves and feasibility of
surface-wave reconstruction by seismic interferometry, The Leading Edge, 29,
790–794, 2010. a
Gajewski, D. and Tessmer, E.: Reverse modelling for seismic event
characterization, Geophys. J. Int., 163, 276–284, 2005. a
Green, G.: An essay on the application of mathematical analysis to the theories
of electricity and magnetism, available at:
arXiv:0807.0088v1 [physics.hist-ph], originally published as book in Nottingham, 1828 (reprinted in
three parts in Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 39, 73–89, 1850; 44, 356–374, 1852, and 47, 161–221, 1854). a
Hokstad, K.: Multicomponent Kirchhoff migration, Geophysics, 65, 861–873,
2000. a
Jakubowicz, H.: Wave equation prediction and removal of interbed multiples, in:
SEG, Expanded Abstracts, Annual Meeting 1998, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, pp. 1527–1530, 1998. a
Kimman, W. P., Campman, X., and Trampert, J.: Characteristics of seismic noise:
Fundamental and higher mode energy observed in the Northeast of the
Netherlands, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 102,
1388–1399, 2012. a
Korneev, V. and Bakulin, A.: On the fundamentals of the virtual source method,
Geophysics, 71, A13–A17, 2006. a
Kumar, M. R. and Bostock, M. G.: Transmission to reflection transformation of
teleseismic wavefields, J. Geophys. Res., 111,
B08306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004104, 2006. a
Kuo, J. T. and Dai, T. F.: Kirchhoff elastic wave migration for the case of
noncoincident source and receiver, Geophysics, 49, 1223–1238, 1984. a
Landau, L. D. and Lifshitz, E. M.: Fluid Mechanics, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1959. a
Langenberg, K. J., Berger, M., Kreutter, T., Mayer, K., and Schmitz, V.:
Synthetic aperture focusing technique signal processing, NDT International,
19, 177–189, 1986. a
Larmat, C., Guyer, R. A., and Johnson, P. A.: Time-reversal methods in
geophysics, Phys. Today, 63, 31–35, 2010. a
Larose, E., Margerin, L., Derode, A., van Tiggelen, B., Campillo, M., Shapiro,
N., Paul, A., Stehly, L., and Tanter, M.: Correlation of random wave fields:
An interdisciplinary review, Geophysics, 71, SI11–SI21, 2006. a
Lin, F.-C., Ritzwoller, M. H., and Snieder, R.: Eikonal tomography: surface
wave tomography by phase front tracking across a regional broad-band seismic
array, Geophys. J. Int., 177, 1091–1110, 2009. a
Lindsey, C. and Braun, D. C.: Principles of seismic holography for diagnostics
of the shallow subphotosphere, The Astrophys. J. Suppl. Series,
155, 209–225, 2004. a
Lobkis, O. I. and Weaver, R. L.: On the emergence of the Green's function in
the correlations of a diffuse field, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110, 3011–3017, 2001. a
McMechan, G. A.: Determination of source parameters by wavefield extrapolation,
Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc., 71, 613–628, 1982. a
McMechan, G. A.: Migration by extrapolation of time-dependent boundary values,
Geophys. Prosp., 31, 413–420, 1983. a
Meles, G. A., Löer, K., Ravasi, M., Curtis, A., and da Costa Filho, C. A.:
Internal multiple prediction and removal using Marchenko autofocusing and
seismic interferometry, Geophysics, 80, A7–A11, 2015. a
Morse, P. M. and Feshbach, H.: Methods of theoretical physics, vol. I,
McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York, 1953. a
Morse, P. M. and Ingard, K. V.: Theoretical acoustics, McGraw-Hill Book
Company Inc., New York, 1968. a
Nakata, N., Gualtieri, L., and Fichtner, A.: Seismic ambient noise, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2019. a
Oren, C. and Nowack, R. L.: Seismic body-wave interferometry using noise
autocorrelations for crustal structure, Geophys. J. Int.,
208, 321–332, 2017. a
Oristaglio, M. L.: An inverse scattering formula that uses all the data,
Inverse Probl., 5, 1097–1105, 1989. a
Panea, I., Draganov, D., Almagro Vidal, C., and Mocanu, V.: Retrieval of
reflections from ambient noise record in the Mizil area, Romania,
Geophysics, 79, Q31–Q42, 2014. a
Ravasi, M., Vasconcelos, I., Kritski, A., Curtis, A., da Costa Filho, C. A.,
and Meles, G. A.: Target-oriented Marchenko imaging of a North Sea
field, Geophys. J. Int., 205, 99–104, 2016. a
Rayleigh, J. W. S.: The theory of sound. Volume II, Dover Publications,
Inc., New York, USA, 1878 (reprint 1945). a
Reinicke, C. and Wapenaar, K.: Elastodynamic single-sided
homogeneous Green's function representation: Theory and numerical
examples, Wave Motion, accepted, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wavemoti.2019.04.001, 2019. a
Rickett, J. and Claerbout, J.: Acoustic daylight imaging via spectral
factorization: Helioseismology and reservoir monitoring, The Leading Edge,
18, 957–960, 1999. a
Roux, P., Sabra, K. G., Kuperman, W. A., and Roux, A.: Ambient noise cross
correlation in free space: Theoretical approach, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 117, 79–84, 2005. a
Ruigrok, E., Campman, X., Draganov, D., and Wapenaar, K.: High-resolution
lithospheric imaging with seismic interferometry, Geophys. J. Int., 183, 339–357, 2010. a
Ruigrok, E., Campman, X., and Wapenaar, K.: Basin delineation with a 40-hour
passive seismic record, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.,
102, 2165–2176, 2012. a
Ryberg, T.: Body wave observations from cross-correlations of ambient seismic
noise: A case study from the Karoo, RSA, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
38, L13311, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047665, 2011. a
Sabra, K. G., Gerstoft, P., Roux, P., Kuperman, W. A., and Fehler, M. C.:
Surface wave tomography from microseisms in Southern California,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14311, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023155, 2005a. a, b
Sabra, K. G., Gerstoft, P., Roux, P., Kuperman, W. A., and Fehler, M. C.:
Extracting time-domain Green's function estimates from ambient seismic
noise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03310, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021862, 2005b. a
Scalerandi, M., Griffa, M., and Johnson, P. A.: Robustness of computational
time reversal imaging in media with elastic constant uncertainties, J. Appl. Phys., 106, 114911, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3269718, 2009. a
Schneider, W. A.: Integral formulation for migration in two and three
dimensions, Geophysics, 43, 49–76, 1978. a
Schuster, G. T.: Theory of daylight/interferometric imaging: tutorial, in:
EAGE, Extended Abstracts, Annual Meeting 2001, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, Houten, the Netherlands, p. A32, 2001. a
Schuster, G. T.: Seismic interferometry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2009. a
Schuster, G. T. and Zhou, M.: A theoretical overview of model-based and
correlation-based redatuming methods, Geophysics, 71, SI103–SI110, 2006. a
Shapiro, N. M. and Campillo, M.: Emergence of broadband Rayleigh waves from
correlations of the ambient seismic noise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31,
L07614, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019491, 2004. a
Shapiro, N. M., Campillo, M., Stehly, L., and Ritzwoller, M. H.:
High-resolution surface-wave tomography from ambient seismic noise, Science,
307, 1615–1618, 2005. a
Slob, E., Wapenaar, K., Broggini, F., and Snieder, R.: Seismic reflector
imaging using internal multiples with Marchenko-type equations, Geophysics,
79, S63–S76, 2014. a
Snieder, R.: Extracting the Green's function from the correlation of coda
waves: A derivation based on stationary phase, Phys. Rev. E, 69,
046610, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.69.046610, 2004. a
Staring, M., Pereira, R., Douma, H., van der Neut, J., and Wapenaar, K.:
Source-receiver Marchenko redatuming on field data using an adaptive
double-focusing method, Geophysics, 83, S579–S590, 2018. a
Stehly, L., Campillo, M., Froment, B., and Weaver, R. L.: Reconstructing
Green's function by correlation of the coda of the correlation (C3)
of ambient seismic noise, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B11306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005693,
2008. a
Tanter, M. and Fink, M.: Ultrafast imaging in biomedical ultrasound, IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., and Freq. Control, 61,
102–119, 2014. a
Ten Kroode, F.: Prediction of internal multiples, Wave Motion, 35, 315–338,
2002. a
Tonegawa, T., Nishida, K., Watanabe, T., and Shiomi, K.: Seismic interferometry
of teleseismic S-wave coda for retrieval of body waves: an application to
the Philippine Sea slab underneath the Japanese Islands, Geophys. J. Int., 178, 1574–1586, 2009. a
Tonegawa, T., Fukao, Y., Nishida, K., Sugioka, H., and Ito, A.: A temporal
change of shear wave anisotropy within the marine sedimentary layer
associated with the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 607–615, 2013. a
van Borselen, R. G., Fokkema, J. T., and van den Berg, P. M.:
Removal of surface-related wave phenomena – The marine case, Geophysics, 61, 202–210, 1996. a
van Dalen, K. N., Wapenaar, K., and Halliday, D. F.: Surface wave retrieval in
layered media using seismic interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution,
Geophys. J. Int., 196, 230–242, 2014. a
van der Neut, J. and Wapenaar, K.: Adaptive overburden elimination with the
multidimensional Marchenko equation, Geophysics, 81, T265–T284, 2016. a
van der Neut, J., Tatanova, M., Thorbecke, J., Slob, E., and Wapenaar, K.:
Deghosting, demultiple, and deblurring in controlled-source seismic
interferometry, Int. J. Geophys., 2011, 870819, https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/870819, 2011. a
van der Neut, J., Wapenaar, K., Thorbecke, J., and Vasconcelos, I.: Internal
multiple suppression by adaptive Marchenko redatuming, in: SEG, Annual Meeting 2014, Expanded
Abstracts, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, pp. 4055–4059, 2014. a
van der Neut, J., Johnson, J. L., van Wijk, K., Singh, S., Slob, E., and
Wapenaar, K.: A Marchenko equation for acoustic inverse source problems,
J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 141, 4332–4346, 2017. a
van Manen, D.-J., Robertsson, J. O. A., and Curtis, A.: Modeling of wave
propagation in inhomogeneous media, Phys. Rev. Lett., 94, 164301, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.164301,
2005. a
Verschuur, D. J., Berkhout, A. J., and Wapenaar, C. P. A.: Adaptive
surface-related multiple elimination, Geophysics, 57, 1166–1177, 1992. a
Wang, W. and McMechan, G. A.: Vector-based elastic reverse time migration,
Geophysics, 80, S245–S258, 2015. a
Wapenaar, C. P. A. and Berkhout, A. J.: Elastic wave field extrapolation,
Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989. a
Wapenaar, C. P. A., Peels, G. L., Budejicky, V., and Berkhout, A. J.: Inverse
extrapolation of primary seismic waves, Geophysics, 54, 853–863, 1989. a
Wapenaar, K.: Retrieving the elastodynamic Green's function of an arbitrary
inhomogeneous medium by cross correlation, Phys. Rev. Lett., 93,
254301, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.254301, 2004. a
Wapenaar, K. and Thorbecke, J.: Review paper: Virtual sources and their
responses, Part I: time-reversal acoustics and seismic interferometry,
Geophys. Prosp., 65, 1411–1429, 2017. a
Wapenaar, K. and van der Neut, J.: A representation for Green's function
retrieval by multidimensional deconvolution, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 128, EL366–EL371, 2010. a
Wapenaar, K., Draganov, D., Snieder, R., Campman, X., and Verdel, A.: Tutorial
on seismic interferometry: Part 1 – Basic principles and applications,
Geophysics, 75, 75A195–75A209, 2010. a
Wapenaar, K., van der Neut, J., Ruigrok, E., Draganov, D., Hunziker, J., Slob,
E., Thorbecke, J., and Snieder, R.: Seismic interferometry by
crosscorrelation and by multidimensional deconvolution: a systematic
comparison, Geophys. J. Int., 185, 1335–1364, 2011. a
Wapenaar, K., Thorbecke, J., van der Neut, J., Vasconcelos, I., and Slob, E.:
Marchenko imaging below an overburden with random scatterers, in: EAGE, Annual Meeting 2014,
Extended Abstracts, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, Houten, the
Netherlands, Th–E102–10, https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20141368, 2014b. a
Wapenaar, K., Thorbecke, J., and van der Neut, J.: A single-sided homogeneous
Green's function representation for holographic imaging, inverse
scattering, time-reversal acoustics and interferometric Green's function
retrieval, Geophys. J. Int., 205, 531–535,
2016a. a
Wapenaar, K., van der Neut, J., and Slob, E.: Unified double- and single-sided
homogeneous Green's function representations, P. Roy. Soc. A-Math. Phy., 472, 20160162, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0162, 2016b. a
Weaver, R. L. and Lobkis, O. I.: Ultrasonics without a source: Thermal
fluctuation correlations at MHz frequencies, Phys. Rev. Lett., 87,
134301, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.134301, 2001. a
Weaver, R. L. and Lobkis, O. I.: On the emergence of the Green's function in
the correlations of a diffuse field: pulse-echo using thermal phonons,
Ultrasonics, 40, 435–439, 2002. a
Weaver, R. L. and Lobkis, O. I.: Diffuse fields in open systems and the
emergence of the Green's function (L), J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 116, 2731–2734, 2004. a
Weglein, A. B., Gasparotto, F. A., Carvalho, P. M., and Stolt, R. H.: An
inverse-scattering series method for attenuating multiples in seismic
reflection data, Geophysics, 62, 1975–1989, 1997. a
Weglein, A. B., Hsu, S. Y., Terenghi, P., Li, X., and Stolt, R. H.: Multiple
attenuation: Recent advances and the road ahead (2011), The Leading Edge,
30, 864–875, 2011. a
Whitmore, N. D.: Iterative depth migration by backward time propagation, in:
SEG, Annual Meeting 1983, Expanded Abstracts, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, pp. 382–385, 1983. a
Zhang, L., Thorbecke, J., Wapenaar, K., and Slob, E.: Transmission compensated
primary reflection retrieval in data domain and consequences for imaging,
Geophysics, 84, in press, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0340.1, 2019. a
Zhang, Y. and Sun, J.: Practical issues in reverse time migration: true
amplitude gathers, noise removal and harmonic source encoding, First Break,
27, 53–59, 2009. a
Zheng, Y., He, Y., and Fehler, M. C.: Crosscorrelation kernels in acoustic
Green's function retrieval by wavefield correlation for point sources on a
plane and a sphere, Geophys. J. Int., 184, 853–859, 2011. a
Search articles
Special issue
Short summary
The earthquake seismology and seismic exploration communities have developed a variety of seismic imaging methods for passive- and active-source data. Despite the seemingly different approaches and underlying principles, many of these methods are based in some way or another on the same mathematical theorem. Starting with this theorem, we discuss a variety of classical and recent seismic imaging methods in a systematic way and explain their similarities and differences.
The earthquake seismology and seismic exploration communities have developed a variety of...
Solid Earth
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
