Articles | Volume 6, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-153-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-153-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Feb 2015
Research article |
| 12 Feb 2015
A lithosphere-scale structural model of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea region
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
RWTH Aachen University, Dept. of Geology, Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Aachen, Germany
J. I. Faleide
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
M. Scheck-Wenderoth
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
RWTH Aachen University, Dept. of Geology, Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Aachen, Germany
J. Sippel
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Kim Senger, Grace Shephard, Fenna Ammerlaan, Owen Anfinson, Pascal Audet, Bernard Coakley, Victoria Ershova, Jan Inge Faleide, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Rafael Kenji Horota, Karthik Iyer, Julian Janocha, Morgan Jones, Alexander Minakov, Margaret Odlum, Anna M. R. Sartell, Andrew Schaeffer, Daniel Stockli, Marie A. Vander Kloet, and Carmen Gaina
Geosci. Commun. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2024-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2024-3, 2024
Preprint under review for GC
Short summary
Short summary
The article describes a course that we have developed at the University Centre in Svalbard that covers many aspects of Arctic Geology. The students experience this from a wide range of lecturers, focussing both on the small and larger scales, and covering many geoscientific disciplines.
Ángela María Gómez-García, Álvaro González, Mauro Cacace, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, and Gaspar Monsalve
Solid Earth, 15, 281–303, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We compute a realistic three-dimensional model of the temperatures down to 75 km deep within the Earth, below the Caribbean Sea and northwestern South America. Using this, we estimate at which rock temperatures past earthquakes nucleated in the region and find that they agree with those derived from laboratory experiments of rock friction. We also analyse how the thermal state of the system affects the spatial distribution of seismicity in this region.
Roy Helge Gabrielsen, Panagiotis Athanasios Giannenas, Dimitrios Sokoutis, Ernst Willingshofer, Muhammad Hassaan, and Jan Inge Faleide
Solid Earth, 14, 961–983, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-961-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-961-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Barents Shear Margin defines the border between the relatively shallow Barents Sea that is situated on a continental plate and the deep ocean. This margin's evolution history was probably influenced by plate tectonic reorganizations. From scaled experiments, we deduced several types of structures (faults, folds, and sedimentary basins) that help us to improve the understanding of the history of the opening of the North Atlantic.
Steffen Ahlers, Andreas Henk, Tobias Hergert, Karsten Reiter, Birgit Müller, Luisa Röckel, Oliver Heidbach, Sophia Morawietz, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, and Denis Anikiev
Saf. Nucl. Waste Disposal, 1, 163–164, https://doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-163-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-163-2021, 2021
Steffen Ahlers, Andreas Henk, Tobias Hergert, Karsten Reiter, Birgit Müller, Luisa Röckel, Oliver Heidbach, Sophia Morawietz, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, and Denis Anikiev
Solid Earth, 12, 1777–1799, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1777-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1777-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge about the stress state in the upper crust is of great importance for many economic and scientific questions. However, our knowledge in Germany is limited since available datasets only provide pointwise, incomplete and heterogeneous information. We present the first 3D geomechanical model that provides a continuous description of the contemporary crustal stress state for Germany. The model is calibrated by the orientation of the maximum horizontal stress and stress magnitudes.
Ángela María Gómez-García, Eline Le Breton, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Gaspar Monsalve, and Denis Anikiev
Solid Earth, 12, 275–298, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-275-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-275-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Earth’s crust beneath the Caribbean Sea formed at about 90 Ma due to large magmatic activity of a mantle plume, which brought molten material up from the deep Earth. By integrating diverse geophysical datasets, we image for the first time two fossil magmatic conduits beneath the Caribbean. The location of these conduits at 90 Ma does not correspond with the present-day Galápagos plume. Either this mantle plume migrated in time or these conduits were formed above another unknown plume.
Cameron Spooner, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Mauro Cacace, and Denis Anikiev
Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2020-202, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2020-202, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
By comparing long term lithospheric strength to seismicity patterns across the Alpine region, we show that most seismicity occurs where strengths are highest within the crust. The lower crust appears largely aseismic due to energy being dissipated by ongoing creep from low viscosities. Lithospheric structure appears to exert a primary control on seismicity distribution, with both forelands display a different distribution patterns, likely reflecting their different tectonic settings.
Kristian Bär, Thomas Reinsch, and Judith Bott
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2485–2515, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2485-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2485-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Petrophysical properties are key to populating numerical models of subsurface process simulations and the interpretation of many geophysical exploration methods. The P3 database presented here aims at providing easily accessible, peer-reviewed information on physical rock properties in one single compilation. The uniqueness of P3 emerges from its coverage and metadata structure. Each measured value is complemented by the corresponding location, petrography, stratigraphy and original reference.
Denis Anikiev, Adrian Lechel, Maria Laura Gomez Dacal, Judith Bott, Mauro Cacace, and Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth
Adv. Geosci., 49, 225–234, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-225-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-225-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a first Germany-wide 3D data-based density and temperature model integrating geoscientific observations and physical processes. The model can serve as a reference for local detailed studies dealing with temperature, pressure, stress, subsidence and sedimentation. Our results help to improve subsurface utilization concepts, reveal current geomechanical conditions crucial for hazard assessment and gather information on viable resources such groundwater and deep geothermal energy.
Christian Berndt, Sverre Planke, Damon Teagle, Ritske Huismans, Trond Torsvik, Joost Frieling, Morgan T. Jones, Dougal A. Jerram, Christian Tegner, Jan Inge Faleide, Helen Coxall, and Wei-Li Hong
Sci. Dril., 26, 69–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-69-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-69-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The northeast Atlantic encompasses archetypal examples of volcanic rifted margins. Twenty-five years after the last ODP leg on these volcanic margins, the reasons for excess melting are still disputed with at least three competing hypotheses being discussed. We are proposing a new drilling campaign that will constrain the timing, rates of volcanism, and vertical movements of rifted margins.
Cameron Spooner, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Hans-Jürgen Götze, Jörg Ebbing, György Hetényi, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 10, 2073–2088, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-2073-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-2073-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
By utilising both the observed gravity field of the Alps and their forelands and indications from deep seismic surveys, we were able to produce a 3-D structural model of the region that indicates the distribution of densities within the lithosphere. We found that the present-day Adriatic crust is both thinner and denser than the European crust and that the properties of Alpine crust are strongly linked to their provenance.
Nora Koltzer, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Mauro Cacace, Maximilian Frick, and Judith Bott
Adv. Geosci., 49, 197–206, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-197-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-197-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigate groundwater flow in the deep subsurface of the Upper Rhine Graben. We make use of a 3-D numerical model covering the entire Upper Rhine Graben. The deep hydrodynamics are characterized by fluid flow from the graben flanks towards its center and in the southern half of the graben from south to north. Moreover, local heterogeneities in the shallow flow field arise from the interaction between regional groundwater flow and the heterogeneous sedimentary configuration.
Maximilian Frick, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Mauro Cacace, and Michael Schneider
Adv. Geosci., 49, 9–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-9-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-9-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The study presented in this paper aims at reproducing findings from chemical and isotopic groundwater sample analysis along with quantifying the influence of regional (cross-boundary) flow for the area of Berlin, Germany. For this purpose we built 3-D models of the subsurface, populating them with material parameters (e.g. porosity, permeability) and solving them for coupled fluid and heat transport. Special focus was given to the setup of boundary conditions, i.e. fixed pressure at the sides.
Ershad Gholamrezaie, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Judith Bott, Oliver Heidbach, and Manfred R. Strecker
Solid Earth, 10, 785–807, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-785-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-785-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Based on geophysical data integration and 3-D gravity modeling, we show that significant density heterogeneities are expressed as two large high-density bodies in the crust below the Sea of Marmara. The location of these bodies correlates spatially with the bends of the main Marmara fault, indicating that rheological contrasts in the crust may influence the fault kinematics. Our findings may have implications for seismic hazard and risk assessments in the Marmara region.
Nasrin Haacke, Maximilian Frick, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Michael Schneider, and Mauro Cacace
Adv. Geosci., 45, 177–184, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-177-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-177-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The main goal of this study was to understand how different realizations of the impact of groundwater pumping activities in a major urban center would affect the results of 3-D numerical models. In detail we looked at two model scenarios which both rely on the same geological structural model but differ in the realization of the groundwater boundary conditions. The results show, that it is necessary to use groundwater wells as an active parameter to reproduce local movement patterns.
Jean-Baptiste P. Koehl, Steffen G. Bergh, Tormod Henningsen, and Jan Inge Faleide
Solid Earth, 9, 341–372, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-341-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-341-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The goal of this work is to study large cracks in the Earth's crust called faults near the coast of northern Norway in the SW Barents Sea. We interpreted seismic data (equivalent to X-ray diagram of the Earth) that showed the presence of a large fault near the coast of Norway, which contributed to building the mountain chain observed in Norway and later helped open the North Atlantic Ocean, separating Greenland from Norway.
Ershad Gholamrezaie, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Judith Sippel, and Manfred R. Strecker
Solid Earth, 9, 139–158, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-139-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-139-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the thermal gradient as an index of the thermal field in the Atlantic. While the thermal anomaly in the South Atlantic should be equilibrated, the thermal disturbance in the North Atlantic causes thermal effects in the present day. Characteristics of the lithosphere ultimately determine the thermal field. The thermal gradient nonlinearly decreases with depth and varies significantly both laterally and with time, which has implications for methods of thermal history reconstruction.
Judith Sippel, Christian Meeßen, Mauro Cacace, James Mechie, Stewart Fishwick, Christian Heine, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, and Manfred R. Strecker
Solid Earth, 8, 45–81, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-45-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-45-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Kenya Rift is a zone along which the African continental plate is stretched as evidenced by strong earthquake and volcanic activity. We want to understand the controlling factors of past and future tectonic deformation; hence, we assess the structural and strength configuration of the rift system at the present-day. Data-driven 3-D numerical models show how the inherited composition of the crust and a thermal anomaly in the deep mantle interact to form localised zones of tectonic weakness.
Moritz O. Ziegler, Oliver Heidbach, John Reinecker, Anna M. Przybycin, and Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth
Solid Earth, 7, 1365–1382, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1365-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1365-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Subsurface engineering relies on sparsely distributed data points of the stress state of the earth's crust. 3D geomechanical--numerical modelling is applied to estimate the stress state in the entire volume of a large area. We present a multi-stage approach of differently sized models which provide the stress state in an area of interest derived from few and widely scattered data records. Furthermore we demonstrate the changes in reliability of the model depending on different input parameters.
Y. Cherubini, M. Cacace, M. Scheck-Wenderoth, and V. Noack
Geoth. Energ. Sci., 2, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.5194/gtes-2-1-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gtes-2-1-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Tectonics
Extensional exhumation of cratons: insights from the Early Cretaceous Rio Negro–Juruena belt (Amazonian Craton, Colombia)
Hydrogen solubility of stishovite provides insights into water transportation to the deep Earth
Networks of geometrically coherent faults accommodate Alpine tectonic inversion offshore southwestern Iberia
Oblique rifting triggered by slab tearing: the case of the Alboran rifted margin in the eastern Betics
Melt-enhanced strain localization and phase mixing in a large-scale mantle shear zone (Ronda peridotite, Spain)
Selective inversion of rift basins in lithospheric-scale analogue experiments
The link between Somalian Plate rotation and the East African Rift System: an analogue modelling study
Inversion of extensional basins parallel and oblique to their boundaries: inferences from analogue models and field observations from the Dolomites Indenter, European eastern Southern Alps
Magnetic fabric analyses of basin inversion: a sandbox modelling approach
Tectonic interactions during rift linkage: insights from analog and numerical experiments
The influence of crustal strength on rift geometry and development – insights from 3D numerical modelling
Construction of the Ukrainian Carpathian wedge from low-temperature thermochronology and tectono-stratigraphic analysis
Analogue modelling of basin inversion: a review and future perspectives
Insights into the interaction of a shale with CO2
Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Slyne Basin
Assessing the role of thermal disequilibrium in the evolution of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary: an idealized model of heat exchange during channelized melt transport
Control of crustal strength, tectonic inheritance, and stretching/ shortening rates on crustal deformation and basin reactivation: insights from laboratory models
Numerical simulation of contemporary kinematics at the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its implications for seismic hazard assessment
Late Cretaceous–early Palaeogene inversion-related tectonic structures at the northeastern margin of the Bohemian Massif (southwestern Poland and northern Czechia)
A tectonic-rules-based mantle reference frame since 1 billion years ago – implications for supercontinent cycles and plate–mantle system evolution
An efficient partial-differential-equation-based method to compute pressure boundary conditions in regional geodynamic models
The analysis of slip tendency of major tectonic faults in Germany
Earthquake ruptures and topography of the Chilean margin controlled by plate interface deformation
Together but separate: decoupled Variscan (late Carboniferous) and Alpine (Late Cretaceous–Paleogene) inversion tectonics in NW Poland
Late Quaternary faulting in the southern Matese (Italy): implications for earthquake potential and slip rate variability in the southern Apennines
The topographic signature of temperature-controlled rheological transitions in an accretionary prism
Rare earth elements associated with carbonatite–alkaline complexes in western Rajasthan, India: exploration targeting at regional scale
Exhumation and erosion of the Northern Apennines, Italy: new insights from low-temperature thermochronometers
Structural complexities and tectonic barriers controlling recent seismic activity in the Pollino area (Calabria–Lucania, southern Italy) – constraints from stress inversion and 3D fault model building
The Mid Atlantic Appalachian Orogen Traverse: a comparison of virtual and on-location field-based capstone experiences
Chronology of thrust propagation from an updated tectono-sedimentary framework of the Miocene molasse (western Alps)
Orogenic lithosphere and slabs in the greater Alpine area – interpretations based on teleseismic P-wave tomography
Ground-penetrating radar signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy
U–Pb dating of middle Eocene–Pliocene multiple tectonic pulses in the Alpine foreland
Detrital zircon provenance record of the Zagros mountain building from the Neotethys obduction to the Arabia–Eurasia collision, NW Zagros fold–thrust belt, Kurdistan region of Iraq
The Subhercynian Basin: an example of an intraplate foreland basin due to a broken plate
Late to post-Variscan basement segmentation and differential exhumation along the SW Bohemian Massif, central Europe
Holocene surface-rupturing earthquakes on the Dinaric Fault System, western Slovenia
Contribution of gravity gliding in salt-bearing rift basins – a new experimental setup for simulating salt tectonics under the influence of sub-salt extension and tilting
3D crustal stress state of Germany according to a data-calibrated geomechanical model
Thick- and thin-skinned basin inversion in the Danish Central Graben, North Sea – the role of deep evaporites and basement kinematics
Complex rift patterns, a result of interacting crustal and mantle weaknesses, or multiphase rifting? Insights from analogue models
Interactions of plutons and detachments: a comparison of Aegean and Tyrrhenian granitoids
Insights from elastic thermobarometry into exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks from Syros, Greece
Stress rotation – impact and interaction of rock stiffness and faults
Looking beyond kinematics: 3D thermo-mechanical modelling reveals the dynamics of transform margins
Conditional probability of distributed surface rupturing during normal-faulting earthquakes
Late Cretaceous to Paleogene exhumation in central Europe – localized inversion vs. large-scale domal uplift
Kinematics and extent of the Piemont–Liguria Basin – implications for subduction processes in the Alps
Contrasting exhumation histories and relief development within the Three Rivers Region (south-east Tibet)
Ana Fonseca, Simon Nachtergaele, Amed Bonilla, Stijn Dewaele, and Johan De Grave
Solid Earth, 15, 329–352, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-329-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-329-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the erosion and exhumation processes and history of early continental crust hidden within the Amazonian Rainforest. This crust forms part of the Amazonian Craton, an ancient continental fragment. Our surprising findings reveal the area underwent rapid early Cretaceous exhumation triggered by tectonic forces. This discovery challenges the traditional perception that cratons are stable and long-lived entities and shows they can deform readily under specific geological contexts.
Mengdan Chen, Changxin Yin, Danling Chen, Long Tian, Liang Liu, and Lei Kang
Solid Earth, 15, 215–227, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-215-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-215-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Stishovite remains stable under mantle conditions and can incorporate various amounts of water in its crystal structure. We provide a systematic review of previous studies on water in stishovite and propose a new model for water solubility of Al-bearing stishovite. Calculation results based on this model suggest that stishovite may effectively accommodate water from the breakdown of hydrous minerals and could make an important contribution to water enrichment in the mantle transition zone.
Tiago M. Alves
Solid Earth, 15, 39–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-39-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-39-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Alpine tectonic inversion is reviewed for southwestern Iberia, known for its historical earthquakes and tsunamis. High-quality 2D seismic data image 26 faults mapped to a depth exceeding 10 km. Normal faults accommodated important vertical uplift and shortening. They are 100–250 km long and may generate earthquakes with Mw > 8.0. Regions of Late Mesozoic magmatism comprise thickened, harder crust, forming lateral buttresses to compression and promoting the development of fold-and-thrust belts.
Marine Larrey, Frédéric Mouthereau, Damien Do Couto, Emmanuel Masini, Anthony Jourdon, Sylvain Calassou, and Véronique Miegebielle
Solid Earth, 14, 1221–1244, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Extension leading to the formation of ocean–continental transition can be highly oblique to the main direction of crustal thinning. Here we explore the case of a continental margin exposed in the Betics that developed in a back-arc setting perpendicular to the direction of the retreating Gibraltar subduction. We show that transtension is the main mode of crustal deformation that led to the development of metamorphic domes and extensional intramontane basins.
Sören Tholen, Jolien Linckens, and Gernold Zulauf
Solid Earth, 14, 1123–1154, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1123-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1123-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Intense phase mixing with homogeneously distributed secondary phases and irregular grain boundaries and shapes indicates that metasomatism formed the microstructures predominant in the shear zone of the NW Ronda peridotite. Amphibole presence, olivine crystal orientations, and the consistency to the Beni Bousera peridotite (Morocco) point to OH-bearing metasomatism by small fractions of evolved melts. Results confirm a strong link between reactions and localized deformation in the upper mantle.
Anindita Samsu, Weronika Gorczyk, Timothy Chris Schmid, Peter Graham Betts, Alexander Ramsay Cruden, Eleanor Morton, and Fatemeh Amirpoorsaeed
Solid Earth, 14, 909–936, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-909-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-909-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
When a continent is pulled apart, it breaks and forms a series of depressions called rift basins. These basins lie above weakened crust that is then subject to intense deformation during subsequent tectonic compression. Our analogue experiments show that when a system of basins is squeezed in a direction perpendicular to the main trend of the basins, some basins rise up to form mountains while others do not.
Frank Zwaan and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 14, 823–845, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-823-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-823-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The East African Rift System (EARS) is a major plate tectonic feature splitting the African continent apart. Understanding the tectonic processes involved is of great importance for societal and economic reasons (natural hazards, resources). Laboratory experiments allow us to simulate these large-scale processes, highlighting the links between rotational plate motion and the overall development of the EARS. These insights are relevant when studying other rift systems around the globe as well.
Anna-Katharina Sieberer, Ernst Willingshofer, Thomas Klotz, Hugo Ortner, and Hannah Pomella
Solid Earth, 14, 647–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through analogue models and field observations, we investigate how inherited platform–basin geometries control strain localisation, style, and orientation of reactivated and new structures during inversion. Our study shows that the style of evolving thrusts and their changes along-strike are controlled by pre-existing rheological discontinuities. The results of this study are relevant for understanding inversion structures in general and for the European eastern Southern Alps in particular.
Thorben Schöfisch, Hemin Koyi, and Bjarne Almqvist
Solid Earth, 14, 447–461, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A magnetic fabric analysis provides information about the reorientation of magnetic grains and is applied to three sandbox models that simulate different stages of basin inversion. The analysed magnetic fabrics reflect the different developed structures and provide insights into the different deformed stages of basin inversion. It is a first attempt of applying magnetic fabric analyses to basin inversion sandbox models but shows the possibility of applying it to such models.
Timothy Chris Schmid, Sascha Brune, Anne Glerum, and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 14, 389–407, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-389-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-389-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Continental rifts form by linkage of individual rift segments and disturb the regional stress field. We use analog and numerical models of such rift segment interactions to investigate the linkage of deformation and stresses and subsequent stress deflections from the regional stress pattern. This local stress re-orientation eventually causes rift deflection when multiple rift segments compete for linkage with opposingly propagating segments and may explain rift deflection as observed in nature.
Thomas B. Phillips, John B. Naliboff, Ken J. W. McCaffrey, Sophie Pan, Jeroen van Hunen, and Malte Froemchen
Solid Earth, 14, 369–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Continental crust comprises bodies of varying strength, formed through numerous tectonic events. When subject to extension, these areas produce distinct rift and fault systems. We use 3D models to examine how rifts form above
strongand
weakareas of crust. We find that faults become more developed in weak areas. Faults are initially stopped at the boundaries with stronger areas before eventually breaking through. We relate our model observations to rift systems globally.
Marion Roger, Arjan de Leeuw, Peter van der Beek, Laurent Husson, Edward R. Sobel, Johannes Glodny, and Matthias Bernet
Solid Earth, 14, 153–179, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-153-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-153-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We study the construction of the Ukrainian Carpathians with LT thermochronology (AFT, AHe, and ZHe) and stratigraphic analysis. QTQt thermal models are combined with burial diagrams to retrieve the timing and magnitude of sedimentary burial, tectonic burial, and subsequent exhumation of the wedge's nappes from 34 to ∼12 Ma. Out-of-sequence thrusting and sediment recycling during wedge building are also identified. This elucidates the evolution of a typical wedge in a roll-back subduction zone.
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter, Oriol Ferrer, Riccardo Reitano, Michael Rudolf, and Ernst Willingshofer
Solid Earth, 13, 1859–1905, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When a sedimentary basin is subjected to compressional tectonic forces after its formation, it may be inverted. A thorough understanding of such
basin inversionis of great importance for scientific, societal, and economic reasons, and analogue tectonic models form a key part of our efforts to study these processes. We review the advances in the field of basin inversion modelling, showing how the modelling results can be applied, and we identify promising venues for future research.
Eleni Stavropoulou and Lyesse Laloui
Solid Earth, 13, 1823–1841, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1823-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Shales are identified as suitable caprock formations for geolocigal CO2 storage thanks to their low permeability. Here, small-sized shale samples are studied under field-representative conditions with X-ray tomography. The geochemical impact of CO2 on calcite-rich zones is for the first time visualised, the role of pre-existing micro-fissures in the CO2 invasion trapping in the matererial is highlighted, and the initiation of micro-cracks when in contact with anhydrous CO2 is demonstrated.
Conor M. O'Sullivan, Conrad J. Childs, Muhammad M. Saqab, John J. Walsh, and Patrick M. Shannon
Solid Earth, 13, 1649–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Slyne Basin is a sedimentary basin located offshore north-western Ireland. It formed through a long and complex evolution involving distinct periods of extension. The basin is subdivided into smaller basins, separated by deep structures related to the ancient Caledonian mountain-building event. These deep structures influence the shape of the basin as it evolves in a relatively unique way, where early faults follow these deep structures, but later faults do not.
Mousumi Roy
Solid Earth, 13, 1415–1430, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1415-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1415-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates one of the key processes that may lead to the destruction and destabilization of continental tectonic plates: the infiltration of buoyant, hot, molten rock (magma) into the base of the plate. Using simple calculations, I suggest that heating during melt–rock interaction may thermally perturb the tectonic plate, weakening it and potentially allowing it to be reshaped from beneath. Geochemical, petrologic, and geologic observations are used to guide model parameters.
Benjamin Guillaume, Guido M. Gianni, Jean-Jacques Kermarrec, and Khaled Bock
Solid Earth, 13, 1393–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Under tectonic forces, the upper part of the crust can break along different types of faults, depending on the orientation of the applied stresses. Using scaled analogue models, we show that the relative magnitude of compressional and extensional forces as well as the presence of inherited structures resulting from previous stages of deformation control the location and type of faults. Our results gives insights into the tectonic evolution of areas showing complex patterns of deformation.
Liming Li, Xianrui Li, Fanyan Yang, Lili Pan, and Jingxiong Tian
Solid Earth, 13, 1371–1391, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1371-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1371-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We constructed a three-dimensional numerical geomechanics model to obtain the continuous slip rates of active faults and crustal velocities in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Based on the analysis of the fault kinematics in the study area, we evaluated the possibility of earthquakes occurring in the main faults in the area, and analyzed the crustal deformation mechanism of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.
Andrzej Głuszyński and Paweł Aleksandrowski
Solid Earth, 13, 1219–1242, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1219-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1219-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Old seismic data recently reprocessed with modern software allowed us to study at depth the Late Cretaceous tectonic structures in the Permo-Mesozoic rock sequences in the Sudetes. The structures formed in response to Iberia collision with continental Europe. The NE–SW compression undulated the crystalline basement top and produced folds, faults and joints in the sedimentary cover. Our results are of importance for regional geology and in prospecting for deep thermal waters.
R. Dietmar Müller, Nicolas Flament, John Cannon, Michael G. Tetley, Simon E. Williams, Xianzhi Cao, Ömer F. Bodur, Sabin Zahirovic, and Andrew Merdith
Solid Earth, 13, 1127–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1127-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1127-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have built a community model for the evolution of the Earth's plate–mantle system. Created with open-source software and an open-access plate model, it covers the last billion years, including the formation, breakup, and dispersal of two supercontinents, as well as the creation and destruction of numerous ocean basins. The model allows us to
seeinto the Earth in 4D and helps us unravel the connections between surface tectonics and the
beating heartof the Earth, its convecting mantle.
Anthony Jourdon and Dave A. May
Solid Earth, 13, 1107–1125, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we present a method to compute a reference pressure based on density structure in which we cast the problem in terms of a partial differential equation (PDE). We show in the context of 3D models of continental rifting that using the pressure as a boundary condition within the flow problem results in non-cylindrical velocity fields, producing strain localization in the lithosphere along large-scale strike-slip shear zones and allowing the formation and evolution of triple junctions.
Luisa Röckel, Steffen Ahlers, Birgit Müller, Karsten Reiter, Oliver Heidbach, Andreas Henk, Tobias Hergert, and Frank Schilling
Solid Earth, 13, 1087–1105, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1087-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1087-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reactivation of tectonic faults can lead to earthquakes and jeopardize underground operations. The reactivation potential is linked to fault properties and the tectonic stress field. We create 3D geometries for major faults in Germany and use stress data from a 3D geomechanical–numerical model to calculate their reactivation potential and compare it to seismic events. The reactivation potential in general is highest for NNE–SSW- and NW–SE-striking faults and strongly depends on the fault dip.
Nadaya Cubas, Philippe Agard, and Roxane Tissandier
Solid Earth, 13, 779–792, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake extent prediction is limited by our poor understanding of slip deficit patterns. From a mechanical analysis applied along the Chilean margin, we show that earthquakes are bounded by extensive plate interface deformation. This deformation promotes stress build-up, leading to earthquake nucleation; earthquakes then propagate along smoothed fault planes and are stopped by heterogeneously distributed deformation. Slip deficit patterns reflect the spatial distribution of this deformation.
Piotr Krzywiec, Mateusz Kufrasa, Paweł Poprawa, Stanisław Mazur, Małgorzata Koperska, and Piotr Ślemp
Solid Earth, 13, 639–658, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-639-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-639-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Legacy 2-D seismic data with newly acquired 3-D seismic data were used to construct a new model of geological evolution of NW Poland over last 400 Myr. It illustrates how the destruction of the Caledonian orogen in the Late Devonian–early Carboniferous led to half-graben formation, how they were inverted in the late Carboniferous, how the study area evolved during the formation of the Permo-Mesozoic Polish Basin and how supra-evaporitic structures were inverted in the Late Cretaceous–Paleogene.
Paolo Boncio, Eugenio Auciello, Vincenzo Amato, Pietro Aucelli, Paola Petrosino, Anna C. Tangari, and Brian R. Jicha
Solid Earth, 13, 553–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the Gioia Sannitica normal fault (GF) within the southern Matese fault system (SMF) in southern Apennines (Italy). It is a fault with a long slip history that has experienced recent reactivation or acceleration. Present activity has resulted in late Quaternary fault scarps and Holocene surface faulting. The maximum slip rate is ~ 0.5 mm/yr. Activation of the 11.5 km GF or the entire 30 km SMF can produce up to M 6.2 or M 6.8 earthquakes, respectively.
Sepideh Pajang, Laetitia Le Pourhiet, and Nadaya Cubas
Solid Earth, 13, 535–551, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-535-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-535-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The local topographic slope of an accretionary prism is often used to determine the effective friction on subduction megathrust. We investigate how the brittle–ductile and the smectite–illite transitions affect the topographic slope of an accretionary prism and its internal deformation to provide clues to determine the origin of observed low topographic slopes in subduction zones. We finally discuss their implications in terms of the forearc basin and forearc high genesis and nature.
Malcolm Aranha, Alok Porwal, Manikandan Sundaralingam, Ignacio González-Álvarez, Amber Markan, and Karunakar Rao
Solid Earth, 13, 497–518, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-497-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-497-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rare earth elements (REEs) are considered critical mineral resources for future industrial growth due to their short supply and rising demand. This study applied an artificial-intelligence-based technique to target potential REE-deposit hosting areas in western Rajasthan, India. Uncertainties associated with the prospective targets were also estimated to aid decision-making. The presented workflow can be applied to similar regions elsewhere to locate potential zones of REE mineralisation.
Erica D. Erlanger, Maria Giuditta Fellin, and Sean D. Willett
Solid Earth, 13, 347–365, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-347-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-347-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present an erosion rate analysis on dated rock and sediment from the Northern Apennine Mountains, Italy, which provides new insights on the pattern of erosion rates through space and time. This analysis shows decreasing erosion through time on the Ligurian side but increasing erosion through time on the Adriatic side. We suggest that the pattern of erosion rates is consistent with the present asymmetric topography in the Northern Apennines, which has likely existed for several million years.
Daniele Cirillo, Cristina Totaro, Giusy Lavecchia, Barbara Orecchio, Rita de Nardis, Debora Presti, Federica Ferrarini, Simone Bello, and Francesco Brozzetti
Solid Earth, 13, 205–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-205-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Pollino region is a highly seismic area of Italy. Increasing the geological knowledge on areas like this contributes to reducing risk and saving lives. We reconstruct the 3D model of the faults which generated the 2010–2014 seismicity integrating geological and seismological data. Appropriate relationships based on the dimensions of the activated faults suggest that they did not fully discharge their seismic potential and could release further significant earthquakes in the near future.
Steven Whitmeyer, Lynn Fichter, Anita Marshall, and Hannah Liddle
Solid Earth, 12, 2803–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2803-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2803-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Field trips in the Stratigraphy, Structure, Tectonics (SST) course transitioned to a virtual format in Fall 2020, due to the COVID pandemic. Virtual field experiences (VFEs) were developed in web Google Earth and were evaluated in comparison with on-location field trips via an online survey. Students recognized the value of VFEs for revisiting outcrops and noted improved accessibility for students with disabilities. Potential benefits of hybrid field experiences were also indicated.
Amir Kalifi, Philippe Hervé Leloup, Philippe Sorrel, Albert Galy, François Demory, Vincenzo Spina, Bastien Huet, Frédéric Quillévéré, Frédéric Ricciardi, Daniel Michoux, Kilian Lecacheur, Romain Grime, Bernard Pittet, and Jean-Loup Rubino
Solid Earth, 12, 2735–2771, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2735-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2735-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Molasse deposits, deposited and deformed at the western Alpine front during the Miocene (23 to 5.6 Ma), record the chronology of that deformation. We combine the first precise chronostratigraphy (precision of ∼0.5 Ma) of the Miocene molasse, the reappraisal of the regional structure, and the analysis of growth deformation structures in order to document three tectonic phases and the precise chronology of thrust westward propagation during the second one involving the Belledonne basal thrust.
Mark R. Handy, Stefan M. Schmid, Marcel Paffrath, Wolfgang Friederich, and the AlpArray Working Group
Solid Earth, 12, 2633–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2633-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2633-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
New images from the multi-national AlpArray experiment illuminate the Alps from below. They indicate thick European mantle descending beneath the Alps and forming blobs that are mostly detached from the Alps above. In contrast, the Adriatic mantle in the Alps is much thinner. This difference helps explain the rugged mountains and the abundance of subducted and exhumed units at the core of the Alps. The blobs are stretched remnants of old ocean and its margins that reach down to at least 410 km.
Maurizio Ercoli, Daniele Cirillo, Cristina Pauselli, Harry M. Jol, and Francesco Brozzetti
Solid Earth, 12, 2573–2596, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Past strong earthquakes can produce topographic deformations, often
memorizedin Quaternary sediments, which are typically studied by paleoseismologists through trenching. Using a ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we unveiled possible buried Quaternary faulting in the Mt. Pollino seismic gap region (southern Italy). We aim to contribute to seismic hazard assessment of an area potentially prone to destructive events as well as promote our workflow in similar contexts around the world.
Luca Smeraglia, Nathan Looser, Olivier Fabbri, Flavien Choulet, Marcel Guillong, and Stefano M. Bernasconi
Solid Earth, 12, 2539–2551, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we dated fault movements at geological timescales which uplifted the sedimentary successions of the Jura Mountains from below the sea level up to Earth's surface. To do so, we applied the novel technique of U–Pb geochronology on calcite mineralizations that precipitated on fault surfaces during times of tectonic activity. Our results document a time frame of the tectonic evolution of the Jura Mountains and provide new insight into the broad geological history of the Western Alps.
Renas I. Koshnaw, Fritz Schlunegger, and Daniel F. Stockli
Solid Earth, 12, 2479–2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
As continental plates collide, mountain belts grow. This study investigated the provenance of rocks from the northwestern segment of the Zagros mountain belt to unravel the convergence history of the Arabian and Eurasian plates. Provenance data synthesis and field relationships suggest that the Zagros Mountains developed as a result of the oceanic crust emplacement on the Arabian continental plate, followed by the Arabia–Eurasia collision and later uplift of the broader region.
David Hindle and Jonas Kley
Solid Earth, 12, 2425–2438, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2425-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2425-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Central western Europe underwent a strange episode of lithospheric deformation, resulting in a chain of small mountains that run almost west–east across the continent and that formed in the middle of a tectonic plate, not at its edges as is usually expected. Associated with these mountains, in particular the Harz in central Germany, are marine basins contemporaneous with the mountain growth. We explain how those basins came to be as a result of the mountains bending the adjacent plate.
Andreas Eberts, Hamed Fazlikhani, Wolfgang Bauer, Harald Stollhofen, Helga de Wall, and Gerald Gabriel
Solid Earth, 12, 2277–2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2277-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2277-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We combine gravity anomaly and topographic data with observations from thermochronology, metamorphic grades, and the granite inventory to detect patterns of basement block segmentation and differential exhumation along the southwestern Bohemian Massif. Based on our analyses, we introduce a previously unknown tectonic structure termed Cham Fault, which, together with the Pfahl and Danube shear zones, is responsible for the exposure of different crustal levels during late to post-Variscan times.
Christoph Grützner, Simone Aschenbrenner, Petra Jamšek
Rupnik, Klaus Reicherter, Nour Saifelislam, Blaž Vičič, Marko Vrabec, Julian Welte, and Kamil Ustaszewski
Solid Earth, 12, 2211–2234, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2211-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2211-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Several large strike-slip faults in western Slovenia are known to be active, but most of them have not produced strong earthquakes in historical times. In this study we use geomorphology, near-surface geophysics, and fault excavations to show that two of these faults had surface-rupturing earthquakes during the Holocene. Instrumental and historical seismicity data do not capture the strongest events in this area.
Michael Warsitzka, Prokop Závada, Fabian Jähne-Klingberg, and Piotr Krzywiec
Solid Earth, 12, 1987–2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1987-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1987-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A new analogue modelling approach was used to simulate the influence of tectonic extension and tilting of the basin floor on salt tectonics in rift basins. Our results show that downward salt flow and gravity gliding takes place if the flanks of the rift basin are tilted. Thus, extension occurs at the basin margins, which is compensated for by reduced extension and later by shortening in the graben centre. These outcomes improve the reconstruction of salt-related structures in rift basins.
Steffen Ahlers, Andreas Henk, Tobias Hergert, Karsten Reiter, Birgit Müller, Luisa Röckel, Oliver Heidbach, Sophia Morawietz, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, and Denis Anikiev
Solid Earth, 12, 1777–1799, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1777-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1777-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge about the stress state in the upper crust is of great importance for many economic and scientific questions. However, our knowledge in Germany is limited since available datasets only provide pointwise, incomplete and heterogeneous information. We present the first 3D geomechanical model that provides a continuous description of the contemporary crustal stress state for Germany. The model is calibrated by the orientation of the maximum horizontal stress and stress magnitudes.
Torsten Hundebøl Hansen, Ole Rønø Clausen, and Katrine Juul Andresen
Solid Earth, 12, 1719–1747, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1719-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1719-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have analysed the role of deep salt layers during tectonic shortening of a group of sedimentary basins buried below the North Sea. Due to the ability of salt to flow over geological timescales, the salt layers are much weaker than the surrounding rocks during tectonic deformation. Therefore, complex structures formed mainly where salt was present in our study area. Our results align with findings from other basins and experiments, underlining the importance of salt tectonics.
Frank Zwaan, Pauline Chenin, Duncan Erratt, Gianreto Manatschal, and Guido Schreurs
Solid Earth, 12, 1473–1495, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1473-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used laboratory experiments to simulate the early evolution of rift systems, and the influence of structural weaknesses left over from previous tectonic events that can localize new deformation. We find that the orientation and type of such weaknesses can induce complex structures with different orientations during a single phase of rifting, instead of requiring multiple rifting phases. These findings provide a strong incentive to reassess the tectonic history of various natural examples.
Laurent Jolivet, Laurent Arbaret, Laetitia Le Pourhiet, Florent Cheval-Garabédian, Vincent Roche, Aurélien Rabillard, and Loïc Labrousse
Solid Earth, 12, 1357–1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Although viscosity of the crust largely exceeds that of magmas, we show, based on the Aegean and Tyrrhenian Miocene syn-kinematic plutons, how the intrusion of granites in extensional contexts is controlled by crustal deformation, from magmatic stage to cold mylonites. We show that a simple numerical setup with partial melting in the lower crust in an extensional context leads to the formation of metamorphic core complexes and low-angle detachments reproducing the observed evolution of plutons.
Miguel Cisneros, Jaime D. Barnes, Whitney M. Behr, Alissa J. Kotowski, Daniel F. Stockli, and Konstantinos Soukis
Solid Earth, 12, 1335–1355, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1335-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1335-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Constraining the conditions at which rocks form is crucial for understanding geologic processes. For years, the conditions under which rocks from Syros, Greece, formed have remained enigmatic; yet these rocks are fundamental for understanding processes occurring at the interface between colliding tectonic plates (subduction zones). Here, we constrain conditions under which these rocks formed and show they were transported to the surface adjacent to the down-going (subducting) tectonic plate.
Karsten Reiter
Solid Earth, 12, 1287–1307, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1287-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1287-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The influence and interaction of elastic material properties (Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio), density and low-friction faults on the resulting far-field stress pattern in the Earth's crust is tested with generic models. A Young's modulus contrast can lead to a significant stress rotation. Discontinuities with low friction in homogeneous models change the stress pattern only slightly, away from the fault. In addition, active discontinuities are able to compensate stress rotation.
Anthony Jourdon, Charlie Kergaravat, Guillaume Duclaux, and Caroline Huguen
Solid Earth, 12, 1211–1232, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1211-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1211-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The borders between oceans and continents, called margins, can be convergent, divergent, or horizontally sliding. The formation of oceans occurs in a divergent context. However, some divergent margin structures display an accommodation of horizontal sliding during the opening of oceans. To study and understand how the horizontal sliding part occurring during divergence influences the margin structure, we performed 3D high-resolution numerical models evolving during tens of millions of years.
Maria Francesca Ferrario and Franz Livio
Solid Earth, 12, 1197–1209, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1197-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1197-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Moderate to strong earthquakes commonly produce surface faulting, either along the primary fault or as distributed rupture on nearby faults. Hazard assessment for distributed normal faulting is based on empirical relations derived almost 15 years ago. In this study, we derive updated empirical regressions of the probability of distributed faulting as a function of distance from the primary fault, and we propose a conservative scenario to consider the full spectrum of potential rupture.
Hilmar von Eynatten, Jonas Kley, István Dunkl, Veit-Enno Hoffmann, and Annemarie Simon
Solid Earth, 12, 935–958, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-935-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-935-2021, 2021
Eline Le Breton, Sascha Brune, Kamil Ustaszewski, Sabin Zahirovic, Maria Seton, and R. Dietmar Müller
Solid Earth, 12, 885–913, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-885-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-885-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The former Piemont–Liguria Ocean, which separated Europe from Africa–Adria in the Jurassic, opened as an arm of the central Atlantic. Using plate reconstructions and geodynamic modeling, we show that the ocean reached only 250 km width between Europe and Adria. Moreover, at least 65 % of the lithosphere subducted into the mantle and/or incorporated into the Alps during convergence in Cretaceous and Cenozoic times comprised highly thinned continental crust, while only 35 % was truly oceanic.
Xiong Ou, Anne Replumaz, and Peter van der Beek
Solid Earth, 12, 563–580, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-563-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-563-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The low-relief, mean-elevation Baima Xueshan massif experienced slow exhumation at a rate of 0.01 km/Myr since at least 22 Ma and then regional rock uplift at 0.25 km/Myr since ~10 Ma. The high-relief, high-elevation Kawagebo massif shows much stronger local rock uplift related to the motion along a west-dipping thrust fault, at a rate of 0.45 km/Myr since at least 10 Ma, accelerating to 1.86 km/Myr since 1.6 Ma. Mekong River incision plays a minor role in total exhumation in both massifs.
Cited articles
Allen, P. A. and Allen, J. R.: Basin Analysis: Principles and Application to Petroleum Play Assessment, 3rd Edn., Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
Aplonov, S. V., Shmelev, G. B., and Krasnov, D. K.: Geodynamics of the Barents-Kara Shelf: Geophysical Evidence, Geotectonics+, 30, 309–326, 1996.
Artyushkov, E.: The formation mechanism of the Barents basin, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 46, 700–713, 2005.
Barrère, C., Ebbing, J., and Gernigon, L.: Offshore prolongation of Caledonian structures and basement characterisation in the western Barents Sea from geophysical modelling, Tectonophysics, 470, 71–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.07.012, 2009.
Basov, V. A., Ebbing, J., Gernigon, L., Korchinskaya, M. V., Koren, T., Kosteva, N. V., Kotljar, G. V., Larssen, G. B., Litvinova, T., Negrov, O. B., Olesen, O., Pascal, C., Pchelina, T. M., Petrov, O. V., Petrov, Y. O., Sjulstad, H.-I., Smelror, M., Sobolev, N. N., Vasiliev, V., and Werner, S. C.: Geological history of the Barents Sea, edited by: Smelror, M., Petrov, O., Larssen, G., and Werner, S., Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim, Norway, 1–138, 2009.
Bogdanova, S. V., Bingen, B., Gorbatschev, R., Kheraskova, T. N., Kozlov, V. I., Puchkov, V. N., and Volozh, Y. A.: The East European Craton (Baltica) before and during the assembly of Rodinia, Precambrian Res., 160, 23–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.024, 2008.
Breivik, A. J., Faleide, J. I., and Gudlaugsson, S. T.: Southwestern Barents Sea margin: late Mesozoic sedimentary basins and crustal extension, Tectonophysics, 293, 21–44, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00073-0, 1998.
Breivik, A., Verhoef, J., and Faleide, J.: Effect of thermal contrasts on gravity modeling at passive margins: results from the western Barents Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15293–15311, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JB900022, 1999.
Breivik, A. J., Mjelde, R., Grogan, P., Shimamura, H., Murai, Y., and Nishimura, Y.: Crustal structure and transform margin development south of Svalbard based on ocean bottom seismometer data, Tectonophysics, 369, 37–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00131-8, 2003.
Breivik, A. J., Mjelde, R., Grogan, P., Shimamura, H., Murai, Y., and Nishimura, Y.: Caledonide development offshore–onshore Svalbard based on ocean bottom seismometer, conventional seismic, and potential field data, Tectonophysics, 401, 79–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.03.009, 2005.
Brekhuntsov, A. M., Monastyrev, B. V., and Nesterov, I. I.: Distribution patterns of oil and gas accumulations in West Siberia, Russ. Geol. Geophys.+, 52, 781–791, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2011.07.004, 2011.
Cherepanova, Y., Artemieva, I. M., Thybo, H., and Chemia, Z.: Crustal structure of the Siberian craton and the West Siberian basin: An appraisal of existing seismic data, Tectonophysics, 609, 154–183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.05.004, 2013.
Clark, S. A., Faleide, J. I., Hauser, J., Ritzmann, O., Mjelde, R., Ebbing, J., Thybo, H., and Flüh, E.: Stochastic velocity inversion of seismic reflection/refraction traveltime data for rift structure of the southwest Barents Sea, Tectonophysics, 593, 135–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.02.033, 2013a.
Clark, S. A., Glorstad-Clark, E., Faleide, J. I., Schmid, D., Hartz, E. H., and Fjeldskaar, W.: Southwest Barents Sea rift basin evolution: comparing results from backstripping and time-forward modelling, Basin Res., 25, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12039, 2013b.
Cloetingh, S. and Burov, E.: Lithospheric folding and sedimentary basin evolution: a review and analysis of formation mechanisms, Basin Res., 23, 257–290, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2010.00490.x, 2011.
Czuba, W., Grad, M., Mjelde, R., Guterch, A., Libak, A., Krüger, F., Murai, Y., and Schweitzer, J.: Continent-ocean-transition across a trans-tensional margin segment: off Bear Island, Barents Sea, Geophys. J. Int., 184, 541–554, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04873.x, 2011.
Dahl-Jensen, T., Larsen, T. B., Woelbern, I., Bach, T., Hanka, W., Kind, R., Gregersen, S., Mosegaard, K., Voss, P., and Gudmundsson, O.: Depth to Moho in Greenland: receiver-function analysis suggests two Proterozoic blocks in Greenland, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 205, 379–393, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01080-4, 2003.
Dick, H. J. B., Lin, J., and Schouten, H.: An ultraslow-spreading class of ocean ridge, Nature, 426, 405–412, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02128, 2003.
Dimakis, P., Braathen, B. I., Faleide, J. I., Elverhøi, A., and Gudlaugsson, S. T.: Cenozoic erosion and the preglacial uplift of the Svalbard–Barents Sea region, Tectonophysics, 300, 311–327, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00245-5, 1998.
Dörr, N., Clift, P. D., Lisker, F., and Spiegel, C.: Why is Svalbard an island? Evidence for two-stage uplift, magmatic underplating, and mantle thermal anomalies, Tectonics, 32, 473–486, https://doi.org/10.1002/tect.20039, 2013.
Dörr, N., Lisker, F., Clift, P. D., Carter, A., Gee, D. G., Tebenkov, A. M., and Spiegel, C.: Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic exhumation history of northern Svalbard and its regional significance: Constraints from apatite fission track analysis, Tectonophysics, 514–517, 81–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.10.007, 2012.
Drachev, S. and Saunders, A.: The Early Cretaceous Arctic LIP: its geodynamic setting and implications for Canada Basin opening, in: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Arctic Margins, US Department of the Interior, Anchorage, 216–223, 2006.
Drachev, S. S.: Chapter 25 Tectonic setting, structure and petroleum geology of the Siberian Arctic offshore sedimentary basins, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 35, 369–394, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.25, 2011.
Dubinin, E. P., Kokhan, A. V., and Sushchevskaya, N. M.: Tectonics and magmatism of ultraslow spreading ridges, Geotectonics, 47, 131–155, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016852113030023, 2013.
Eaton, D. W., Darbyshire, F., Evans, R. L., Grütter, H., Jones, A. G., and Yuan, X.: The elusive lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) beneath cratons, Lithos, 109, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2008.05.009, 2009.
Engen, Ø., Frazer, L. N., Wessel, P., and Faleide, J. I.: Prediction of sediment thickness in the Norwegian–Greenland Sea from gravity inversion, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B11403, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003924, 2006.
Engen, Ø., Faleide, J. I., and Dyreng, T. K.: Opening of the Fram Strait gateway: A review of plate tectonic constraints, Tectonophysics, 450, 51–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.01.002, 2008.
Engen, Ø., Gjengedal, J. A., Faleide, J. I., Kristoffersen, Y., and Eldholm, O.: Seismic stratigraphy and sediment thickness of the Nansen Basin, Arctic Ocean, Geophys. J. Int., 176, 805–821, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04028.x, 2009.
Faleide, J. I., Vågnes, E., and Gudlaugsson, S. T.: Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of the south-western Barents Sea in a regional rift-shear tectonic setting, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 10, 186–214, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(93)90104-Z, 1993.
Faleide, J. I., Solheim, A., Fiedler, A., Hjelstuen, B. O., Andersen, E. S., and Vanneste, K.: Late Cenozoic evolution of the western Barents Sea-Svalbard continental margin, Global Planet. Change, 12, 53–74, https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(95)00012-7, 1996.
Faleide, J. I., Tsikalas, F., Breivik, A. J., Mjelde, R., Ritzmann, O., Engen, O., Wilson, J., and Eldholm, O.: Structure and evolution of the continental margin off Norway and the Barents Sea, Episodes, 31, 82–91, 2008.
Faleide, J. I., Bjørlykke, K., and Gabrielsen, R. H.: Geology of the Norwegian Continental Shelf, in: Petroleum Geoscience: From Sedimentary Environments to Rock Physics, edited by: Bjørlykke, K., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 467–499, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02332-3_22, 2010.
Fiedler, A. and Faleide, J. I.: Cenozoic sedimentation along the southwestern Barents Sea margin in relation to uplift and erosion of the shelf, Global Planet. Change, 12, 75–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(95)00013-5, 1996.
Fischer, K. M., Ford, H. A., Abt, D. L., and Rychert, C. A.: The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 38, 551–575, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152438, 2010.
Gac, S., Huismans, R. S., Podladchikov, Y. Y., and Faleide, J. I.: On the origin of the ultradeep East Barents Sea basin, J. Geophys. Res., 117, B04401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008533, 2012.
Gac, S., Huismans, R. S., Simon, N. S. C., Podladchikov, Y. Y., and Faleide, J. I.: Formation of intracratonic basins by lithospheric shortening and phase changes: a case study from the ultra-deep East Barents Sea basin, Terra Nova, 25, 459–464, https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12057, 2013.
Gee, D. G. and Pease, V.: The Neoproterozoic Timanide Orogen of eastern Baltica: introduction, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 30, 1–3, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.2004.030.01.01, 2004.
Gee, D. G., Beliakova, L., and Pease, V.: New, single zircon (Pb-evaporation) ages from Vendian intrusions in the basement beneath the Pechora Basin, northeastern Baltica, Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 68, 161–170, 2000.
Gee, D. G., Bogolepova, O. K., and Lorenz, H.: The Timanide, Caledonide and Uralide orogens in the Eurasian high Arctic, and relationships to the palaeo-continents Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 32, 507–520, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.2006.032.01.31, 2006.
Gernigon, L. and Brönner, M.: Late Palaeozoic architecture and evolution of the southwestern Barents Sea: insights from a new generation of aeromagnetic data, Journal of the Geological Society, 169, 449–459, https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492011-131, 2012.
Gernigon, L., Brönner, M., Roberts, D., Olesen, O., Nasuti, A., and Yamasaki, T.: Crustal and basin evolution of the southwestern Barents Sea: From Caledonian orogeny to continental breakup, Tectonics, 33, 347–373, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013TC003439, 2014.
Glebovsky, V. Y., Kaminsky, V. D., Minakov, A. N., Merkur'ev, S. A., Childers, V. A., and Brozena, J. M.: Formation of the Eurasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean as inferred from geohistorical analysis of the anomalous magnetic field, Geotectonics, 40, 263–281, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016852106040029, 2006.
Glørstad-Clark, E.: Basin analysis in the western Barents Sea area: the interplay between accommodation space and depositional systems, University of Oslo, Oslo, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.008, 2011.
Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., and Hilgen, F. J.: On The Geologic Time Scale, Newsletters Stratigr., 45, 171–188, https://doi.org/10.1127/0078-0421/2012/0020, 2012.
Gramberg, I., Verba, V., and Verba, M.: Sedimentary Cover Thickness Map-Sedimentary Basins in the Arctic, Polarforschung, 69, 243–249, 2001.
Green, P. and Duddy, I.: Synchronous exhumation events around the Arctic including examples from Barents Sea and Alaska North Slope, Petroleum Geology Conference series, 7, 633–644, https://doi.org/10.1144/0070633, 2010.
Gudlaugsson, S., Faleide, J. I., Johansen, S. E., and Breivik, A. J.: Late Palaeozoic structural development of the South-western Barents Sea, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 15, 73–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(97)00048-2, 1998.
Gung, Y., Panning, M., and Romanowicz, B.: Global anisotropy and the thickness of continents, Nature, 422, 707–711, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01559, 2003.
Hauser, J., Dyer, K. M., Pasyanos, M. E., Bungum, H., Faleide, J. I., Clark, S. A., and Schweitzer, J.: A probabilistic seismic model for the European Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 116, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007889, 2011.
Heine, C., Müller, R. D., Steinberger, B., and Torsvik, T. H.: Subsidence in intracontinental basins due to dynamic topography, Phys. Earth Planet. In., 171, 252–264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2008.05.008, 2008.
Henriksen, E., Bjornseth, H. M., Hals, T. K., Heide, T., Kiryukhina, T., Klovjan, O. S., Larssen, G. B., Ryseth, A. E., Ronning, K., Sollid, K., and Stoupakova, A.: Uplift and erosion of the greater Barents Sea: impact on prospectivity and petroleum systems, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 35, 271–281, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.17, 2011a.
Henriksen, E., Ryseth, A. E., Larssen, G. B., Heide, T., Ronning, K., Sollid, K., and Stoupakova, A. V.: Tectonostratigraphy of the greater Barents Sea: implications for petroleum systems, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 35, 163–195, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.10, 2011b.
Hjelstuen, B., Elverhøi, A., and Faleide, J.: Cenozoic erosion and sediment yield in the drainage area of the Storfjorden Fan, Global Planet. Change, 12, 95–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(95)00014-3, 1996.
Huang, P. Y. and Solomon, S. C.: Centroid Depths of Mid-Ocean Ridge Earthquakes: Dependence on Spreading Rate, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 13445–13477, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB11p13445, 1988.
Ivanova, N. M., Sakoulina, T. S., and Roslov, Y. V.: Deep seismic investigation across the Barents–Kara region and Novozemelskiy Fold Belt (Arctic Shelf), Tectonophysics, 420, 123–140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.011, 2006.
Ivanova, N. M., Sakulina, T. S., Belyaev, I. V., Matveev, Y. I., and Roslov, Y. V.: Depth model of the Barents and Kara seas according to geophysical surveys results, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 35, 209–221, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.12, 2011.
Jakobsson, M., Mayer, L., Coakley, B., Dowdeswell, J. A., Forbes, S., Fridman, B., Hodnesdal, H., Noormets, R., Pedersen, R., Rebesco, M., Schenke, H. W., Zarayskaya, Y., Accettella, D., Armstrong, A., Anderson, R. M., Bienhoff, P., Camerlenghi, A., Church, I., Edwards, M., Gardner, J. V., Hall, J. K., Hell, B., Hestvik, O., Kristoffersen, Y., Marcussen, C., Mohammad, R., Mosher, D., Nghiem, S. V., Pedrosa, M. T., Travaglini, P. G., and Weatherall, P.: The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) Version 3.0, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L12609, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052219, 2012.
Japsen, P., Green, P. F., Bonow, J. M., Rasmussen, E. S., Chalmers, J. A., and Kjennerud, T.: Episodic uplift and exhumation along North Atlantic passive margins: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity, Petroleum Geology Conference series, 7, 979–1004, https://doi.org/10.1144/0070979, 2010.
Johansen, S. E., Ostisty, B. K., Birkeland, Ø., Fedorovsky, Y. F., Martirosjan, V. N., Christensen, O. B., Cheredeev, S. I., Ignatenko, E. A., and Margulis, L. S.: Hydrocarbon potential in the Barents Sea region: play distribution and potential, in Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications, 2, 273–320, 1993.
Karato, S.: On the origin of the asthenosphere, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 321–322, 95–103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.001, 2012.
Khutorskoi, M. D., Viskunova, K. G., Podgornykh, L. V., Suprunenko, O. I., and Akhmedzyanov, V. R.: A temperature model of the crust beneath the Barents Sea: Investigations along geotraverses, Geotectonics, 42, 125–136, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016852108020039, 2008.
Klimenko, S. S., Anischenko, L. A., and Antoshkina, A. I.: The Timan-Pechora sedimentary basin: Palaeozoic reef formations and petroleum systems, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 35, 223–236, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.13, 2011.
Knies, J., Matthiessen, J., Vogt, C., Laberg, J. S., Hjelstuen, B. O., Smelror, M., Larsen, E., Andreassen, K., Eidvin, T., and Vorren, T. O.: The Plio-Pleistocene glaciation of the Barents Sea–Svalbard region: a new model based on revised chronostratigraphy, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 812–829, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.002, 2009.
Kontorovich, A. E., Epov, M. I., Burshtein, L. M., Kaminskii, V. D., Kurchikov, A. R., Malyshev, N. A., Prischepa, O. M., Safronov, A. F., Stupakova, A. V., and Suprunenko, O. I.: Geology and hydrocarbon resources of the continental shelf in Russian Arctic seas and the prospects of their development, Russ. Geol. Geophys.+, 51, 3–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2009.12.003, 2010.
Koptev, A. I. and Ershov, A. V.: Thermal thickness of the Earth's lithosphere: a numerical model, Moscow University Geology Bulletin, 66, 323–330, https://doi.org/10.3103/S014587521105005X, 2011.
Kostyuchenko, S., Sapozhnikov, R., Egorkin, A., Gee, D. G., Berzin, R., and Solodilov, L.: Crustal structure and tectonic model of northeastern Baltica, based on deep seismic and potential field data, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 32, 521–539, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.2006.032.01.32, 2006.
Kumar, P., Kind, R., Hanka, W., Wylegalla, K., Reigber, C., Yuan, X., Woelbern, I., Schwintzer, P., Fleming, K., Dahl-Jensen, T., Larsen, T. B., Schweitzer, J., Priestley, K., Gudmundsson, O., and Wolf, D.: The lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary in the North-West Atlantic region, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 236, 249–257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.05.029, 2005.
Laberg, J. S. and Vorren, T. O.: Late Weichselian submarine debris flow deposits on the Bear Island Trough Mouth Fan, Mar. Geol., 127, 45–72, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(95)00055-4, 1995.
Laberg, J. S. and Vorren, T. O.: Flow behaviour of the submarine glacigenic debris flows on the Bear Island Trough Mouth Fan, western Barents Sea, Sedimentology, 47, 1105–1117, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00343.x, 2000.
Levshin, A. L., Schweitzer, J., Weidle, C., Shapiro, N. M., and Ritzwoller, M. H.: Surface wave tomography of the Barents Sea and surrounding regions, Geophys. J. Int., 170, 441–459, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03285.x, 2007.
Libak, A., Eide, C. H., Mjelde, R., Keers, H., and Flüh, E. R.: From pull-apart basins to ultraslow spreading: Results from the western Barents Sea Margin, Tectonophysics, 514–517, 44–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.09.020, 2012.
Ljones, F., Kuwano, A., Mjelde, R., Breivik, A., Shimamura, H., Murai, Y., and Nishimura, Y.: Crustal transect from the North Atlantic Knipovich Ridge to the Svalbard Margin west of Hornsund, Tectonophysics, 378, 17–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2003.10.003, 2004.
Lorenz, H., Männik, P., Gee, D., and Proskurnin, V.: Geology of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago and the North Kara Terrane in the Russian high Arctic, Int. J. Earth Sci., 97, 519–547, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-007-0182-2, 2007.
Maher, J. and Harmon, D.: Manifestations of the Cretaceous High Arctic Large Igneous Province in Svalbard, J. Geol., 109, 91–104, https://doi.org/10.1086/317960, 2001.
Malyshev, N. A., Nikishin, V. A., Nikishin, A. M., Obmetko, V. V., Martirosyan, V. N., Kleshchina, L. N., and Reydik, Y. V.: A new model of the geological structure and evolution of the North Kara Sedimentary Basin, Dokl. Earth Sci., 445, 791–795, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X12070057, 2012a.
Malyshev, N. A., Nikishin, V. A., Obmetko, V. V., Ikhsanov, B. I., Reydik, Y. V., Sitar, K. A., and Shapabaeva, D. S.: Geological Structure and Petroleum System of South Kara Basin, in: 5th EAGE St. Petersburg International Conference and Exhibition on Geosciences – Making the Most of the Earths Resources, Saint Petersburg 2012, https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143593, 2012b.
Marello, L., Ebbing, J., and Gernigon, L.: Basement inhomogeneities and crustal setting in the Barents Sea from a combined 3D gravity and magnetic model, Geophys. J. Int., 193, 557–584, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt018, 2013.
McKenzie, D. and Priestley, K.: The influence of lithospheric thickness variations on continental evolution, Lithos, 102, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2007.05.005, 2008.
Minakov, A., Faleide, J. I., Glebovsky, V. Y., and Mjelde, R.: Structure and evolution of the northern Barents-Kara Sea continental margin from integrated analysis of potential fields, bathymetry and sparse seismic data, Geophys. J. Int., 188, 79–102, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05258.x, 2012a.
Minakov, A., Mjelde, R., Faleide, J. I., Flueh, E. R., Dannowski, A., and Keers, H.: Mafic intrusions east of Svalbard imaged by active-source seismic tomography, Tectonophysics, 518–521, 106–118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.11.015, 2012b.
Müller, R. D., Sdrolias, M., Gaina, C., and Roest, W. R.: Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world's ocean crust, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, Q04006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001743, 2008.
Myklebust, R.: Magentic mapping of the Barents Sea (MMBS)–- Unpublished Interpretation report, 1994.
Nikishin, A. M., Ziegler, P. A., Stephenson, R. A., Cloetingh, S., Furne, A. V., Fokin, P. A., Ershov, A. V, Bolotov, S. N., Korotaev, M. V., and Alekseev, A. S.: Late Precambrian to Triassic history of the East European Craton: dynamics of sedimentary basin evolution, Tectonophysics, 268, 23–63, 1996.
Nikishin, A. M., Ziegler, P. A., Abbott, D., Brunet, M.-F., and Cloetingh, S.: Permo–Triassic intraplate magmatism and rifting in Eurasia: implications for mantle plumes and mantle dynamics, Tectonophysics, 351, 3–39, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00123-3, 2002.
Nikishin, V. A., Malyshev, N. A., Nikishin, A. M., and Obmetko, V. V.: The Late Permian-Triassic system of rifts of the South Kara sedimentary basin, Moscow University Geology Bulletin, 66, 377–384, https://doi.org/10.3103/S0145875211060093, 2011.
O'Leary, N., White, N., Tull, S., Bashilov, V., Kuprin, V., Natapov, L., and Macdonald, D.: Evolution of the TimanPechora and South Barents Sea basins, Geol. Mag., 141, 141–160, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756804008908, 2004.
Omang, O. C. D. and Kierulf, H. P.: Past and present-day ice mass variation on Svalbard revealed by superconducting gravimeter and GPS measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L22304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049266, 2011.
Otto, S. C. and Bailey, R. J.: Tectonic evolution of the northern Ural Orogen, J. Geol. Soc. London, 152, 903–906, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1995.152.01.03, 1995.
Pease, V. and Scott, R. A.: Crustal affinities in the Arctic Uralides, northern Russia: significance of detrital zircon ages from Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic sediments in Novaya Zemlya and Taimyr, J. Geol. Soc. London, 166, 517–527, https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492008-093, 2009.
Petrov, O. V., Sobolev, N. N., and Koren, T. N.: Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic evolution of the East Barents and Kara Seas sedimentary basins, Norweg. J. Geol., 88, 227–234, 2008.
Piskarev, A. and Shkatov, M.: Energy potential of the Russian Arctic Seas – Choice of Development Strategy, 1st Edn., Elsevier, 2012.
Priestley, K. and McKenzie, D.: The thermal structure of the lithosphere from shear wave velocities, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 244, 285–301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.008, 2006.
Puchkov, V. N.: The evolution of the Uralian orogen, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 327, 161–195, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP327.9, 2009.
Reichow, M. K., Saunders, A. D., White, R. V., Al'Mukhamedov, A. I., and Medvedev, A. Y.: Geochemistry and petrogenesis of basalts from the West Siberian Basin: an extension of the Permo–Triassic Siberian Traps, Russia, Lithos, 79, 425–452, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2004.09.011, 2005.
Ritzmann, O. and Faleide, J. I.: Caledonian basement of the western Barents Sea, Tectonics, 26, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006TC002059, 2007.
Ritzmann, O. and Faleide, J. I.: The crust and mantle lithosphere in the Barents Sea/Kara Sea region, Tectonophysics, 470, 89–104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.06.018, 2009.
Ritzmann, O., Jokat, W., Mjelde, R., and Shimamura, H.: Crustal structure between the Knipovich Ridge and the Van Mijenfjorden (Svalbard), Mar. Geophys. Res., 23, 379–401, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MARI.0000018168.89762.a4, 2002.
Ritzmann, O., Jokat, W., Czuba, W., Guterch, A., Mjelde, R., and Nishimura, Y.: A deep seismic transect from Hovgård Ridge to northwestern Svalbard across the continental-ocean transition: A sheared margin study, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 683–702, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02204.x, 2004.
Ritzmann, O., Maercklin, N., Inge Faleide, J., Bungum, H., Mooney, W. D., Detweiler, S. T., Faleide, J. I., and Bungurm, H.: A three-dimensional geophysical model of the crust in the Barents Sea region: model construction and basement characterization, Geophys. J. Int., 170, 417–435, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03337.x, 2007.
Roberts, D. and Siedlecka, A.: Timanian orogenic deformation along the northeastern margin of Baltica, Northwest Russia and Northeast Norway, and Avalonian–Cadomian connections, Tectonophysics, 352, 169–184, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00195-6, 2002.
Saunders, A. D., England, R. W., Reichow, M. K., and White, R. V.: A mantle plume origin for the Siberian traps: uplift and extension in the West Siberian Basin, Russia, Lithos, 79, 407–424, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2004.09.010, 2005.
Sauter, D., Sloan, H., Cannat, M., Goff, J., Patriat, P., Schaming, M., and Roest, W. R.: From slow to ultra-slow: How does spreading rate affect seafloor roughness and crustal thickness?, Geology, 39, 911–914, https://doi.org/10.1130/G32028.1, 2011.
Scott, R. and Howard, J.: Offset and curvature of the Novaya Zemlya fold-and-thrust belt, Arctic Russia, Petroleum Geology Conference series, 7, 645–657, https://doi.org/10.1144/0070645, 2010.
Semprich, J., Simon, N. S. C., and Podladchikov, Y. Y.: Density variations in the thickened crust as a function of pressure, temperature, and composition, Int. J. Earth Sci., 99, 1487–1510, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-010-0557-7, 2010.
Shapiro, N. M. and Ritzwoller, M. H.: Monte-Carlo inversion for a global shear-velocity model of the crust and upper mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 151, 88–105, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01742.x, 2002.
Skilbrei, J. R.: Interpretation of depth to the magnetic basement in the northern Barents Sea (south of Svalbard), Tectonophysics, 200, 127–141, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90010-P, 1991.
Skogseid, J.: Mantle plume related dynamic uplift and plate kinematics: The NE Atlantic case with global implications, EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 27 April–2 May, EGU2014-16896, 2014.
Sobolev, P.: Cenozoic uplift and erosion of the Eastern Barents Sea – constraints from offshore well data and the implication for petroleum system modelling, Z. Dtsch. Ges. Geowiss., 163, 309–324, https://doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2012/0163-0323, 2012.
Steer, D. N., Knapp, J. H., Brown, L. D., Echtler, H. P., Brown, D. L., and Berzin, R.: Deep structure of the continental lithosphere in an unextended orogen: An explosive-source seismic reflection profile in the Urals (Urals Seismic Experiment and Integrated Studies (URSEIS 1995)), Tectonics, 17, 143–157, https://doi.org/10.1029/97TC03056, 1998.
Stoupakova, A. V., Henriksen, E., Burlin, Y. K., Larsen, G. B., Milne, J. K., Kiryukhina, T. A., Golynchik, P. O., Bordunov, S. I., Ogarkova, M. P., and Suslova, A. A.: The geological evolution and hydrocarbon potential of the Barents and Kara shelves, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 35, 325–344, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.21, 2011.
Turcotte, D. L. and Schubert, G.: Geodynamics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2002.
Voss, M. and Jokat, W.: Continent-ocean transition and voluminous magmatic underplating derived from P-wave velocity modelling of the East Greenland continental margin, Geophys. J. Int., 170, 580–604, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03438.x, 2007.
Voss, M. and Jokat, W.: From Devonian extensional collapse to early Eocene continental break-up: an extended transect of the Kejser Franz Joseph Fjord of the East Greenland margin, Geophys. J. Int., 177, 743–754, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04076.x, 2009.
Vyssotski, A. V., Vyssotski, V. N., and Nezhdanov, A. A.: Evolution of the West Siberian Basin, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 23, 93–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2005.03.002, 2006.
Worsley, D.: The post-Caledonian development of Svalbard and the western Barents Sea, Polar Res., 27, 298–317, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2008.00085.x, 2008.
Zhang, Y. and Lay, T.: Evolution of oceanic upper mantle structure, Phys. Earth Planet. In., 114, 71–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(99)00047-3, 1999.
Short summary
We introduce a regional 3-D structural model of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea region which is the first to combine information on five sedimentary units and the crystalline crust as well as the configuration of the lithospheric mantle. By relating the shallow and deep structures for certain tectonic subdomains, we shed new light on possible causative basin-forming mechanisms that we discuss.
We introduce a regional 3-D structural model of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea region which is the...
