Passive seismic exploration is an environmentally, friendly and cost effective technique, as it uses ambient noise as a source. As part of a feasibility study for storage of CO₂ below the Baltic Sea, our studies show that passive seismic results correlate well with active seismic data and the borehole section and reveal some potential deep geological information which the active data could not provide. In some cases, it may have the potential to replace active seismic imaging.

The evolution of the Antarctic ice sheets depends, in addition to factors representing the warming climate, on the earth structure beneath the ice. What’s beneath the ice is largely inaccessible for direct sampling, but can be interpreted with the use of airborne measurements. We apply an unsupervised machine learning method to such data in East Antarctica to test whether this can ease interpretation and hence our understanding of what rocks types are beneath the ice.

New seismic data across the Qilian Shan–Beishan transect image a 47.5–60 km, five-layer crust with strong lateral heterogeneity. North-dipping mantle fabrics and a fossil slab beneath the Hongliuhe–Xichangjing ophiolite record Paleozoic northward subduction of both Qilian and Beishan oceans. The Altyn Tagh Fault is traced east-northeast along the Beishan southern margin into the Alxa Block.

This study examines stress drops sequences in elasto-plastic media using 2D simulations, highlighting the importance of high temporal and spatial resolutions in capturing stress evolution and strain fields. Stress drops reflect fault rupture mechanics and emulate earthquake behavior. The non-Gaussian distribution of stress drop amplitudes resembles "solid turbulence." Elasto-plastic models simulate key earthquake processes and could improve seismic hazard assessment.

Traditional methods for investigating the subsurface cannot properly investigate fractures between 1m and 100–200m. Digital outcrop models (DOMs) provide a framework for the collection of extensive datasets in outcrop analogues. Here we present a workflow, with a solid statistical foundation, to collect a suite of statistical parameters to be used as input in current stochastic 3D Discrete Fracture Network models, including best practices for an optimal outcrop selection and data acquisition.

We address the transition between the Paleozoic Variscan and Alpine Mesozoic–Cenozoic cycles using tectono-stratigraphy and thermochronology. This transition unfolds through a multi-phase rifting history. An initial rifting stage occurred in the early Permian, followed in the early–middle Permian by a phase of transcurrent tectonics. This was succeeded by a period of erosion/non-deposition in the middle Permian. Crustal stretching in the Middle Triassic marked the onset of the Alpine cycle.

We investigate women's representation in seismology to raise awareness of existing gender disparities. By analysing the authorship of peer-reviewed articles, we identify lower representation of women among single authors, high-impact authors, and highly productive authors. Seismology continues to be a male-dominated field, and trends suggest that parity is decades away. These gaps are an obstacle to women’s career advancement and, if neglected, may perpetuate the leaky-pipeline problem.

Infrequent eruptions of acidic magma are one of the most dangerous natural phenomena, but almost none of them have been witnessed by modern science. We present the first systematic characterization of seismicity recorded near an erupting acidic volcano (Cordón Caulle 2011). We define different phases of unrest and eruption, which combined with previous findings allows us to discuss the main processes associated with this type of violent eruption, with implications for their volcanic hazard.