We use surface and geophysical subsurface data to constrain the structure and evolution of the central Kirthar Fold belt, a mountain belt on the western margin of the Indian plate in Pakistan. It can be shown, that the extension phase prior to the collision of India with Asia has a major impact on how the rocks deform today. The inherited structures in the crystalline basement reactivate in opposite sense and complexly deform the sedimentary rocks that have deposited before collision.

This study establishes the local stratigraphy and 3D aquifer geometry of a submarine groundwater discharge site in the Hanko Peninsula, south Finland. The study is based on a rich dataset of marine seismic profiles, multibeam and sidescan sonar images of the seafloor, and onshore ground-penetrating radar and refraction seismic profiles. The groundwater discharge takes place through meter scale pockmarks on the seafloor, confirmed by elevated radon concentrations in the overlying water.

Scandinavia is crossed by extensive fault scarps that have likely been caused by huge earthquake when the ice sheets of the last glacial melted. Due to the inaccessibility of the terrain, reflection seismic data has to be collected along crooked lines which reduces the imaging quality unless special corrections are applied. We developed a new correction method that is very tolerant to noise and used it to improve the reflection image of the such a fault and refine its geological interpretation.

Surface processes driven by climate have been linked to the tectonic evolution of mountain belts, with the Himalayas and Asian monsoon being a classic example. Sediments from the Arabian Sea now show an increase in erosion from the Karakoram between 17 and 9.5 Ma, followed by an increase in the relative flux from the Himalayas after 5.7 Ma and especially from the Lesser Himalayas after 1.9 Ma. Lack of correlation with climate histories suggests that tectonic forces dominate control over erosion.

The Ionian Sea in southern Italy is at the center of active convergence between the Eurasian and African plates with many know Mw > 7.0 earthquakes. Here, a recently-discovered mud volcano (here named Bortoluzzi Mud Volcano, BMV) was surveyed during the Seismofaults 2017 cruise (May 2017). The BMV is the active emergence of crustal fluids probably squeezed up during the seismic cycle. As such, the BMV may be potentially used for tracking the seismic cycle of active faults.

The nature of the Ionian Sea crust has been the subject of scientific debate for more than 30 years. Seismic data, recorded on ocean bottom instruments, have been analysed and support the interpretation of the Ionian Abyssal Plain as a remnant of the Tethys oceanic lithosphere formed roughly 220 to 250 ma. Which places the African margin much further south than previously thought.

Subrosion, i.e. the underground leaching of soluble rocks, causes disastrous sinkhole events worldwide. We investigate the accompanying mass-transfer using quarter-yearly time-lapse gravity campaigns over four years in the town of Bad Frankenhausen/Germany. After correcting for seasonal soil water content, we find evidence of underground mass loss and attempt to quantify its amount. This is the first study of its kind to prove the feasibility of this approach in an urban area.

Here, we assessed the maturity level and then relative variation of uplift time of three anticlines along the hanging wall of the Zagros Mountain Front Flexure in Kurdistan region of Iraq. We also estimated the time difference between the uplift time of more mature anticlines and less mature ones to be around 200 kyr via building a landscape evolution model. These enabled us to reconstruct a spatial and temporal evolution of these anticlines.

We used a 2D thermo-mechanical code to simulate the evolution of an orogen. Our aim was to study the interaction between tectonic- and surface-processes in orogenic forelands. We found that an increase in the sediment input to the foreland results in a prolonged activity of the active frontal-thrust. Such a scenario could occure naturally as a result of increasing relief in the orogenic hinterland or a change in climatic conditions. We compare our results with observations from the Alps.

Granite is suitable to host geothermal wells or disposals of hazardous waste and in these cases the rock porosity and permeability are critical. Our detailed porosity and permeability data on variously deformed Lipnice granite yield a span of 5 orders of magnitude in permeability between the least and the most deformed facies. To facilitate the estimation of porosity and permeability in similar settings, we provide optical and chemical data on the characteristic minerals of each facies.

Recent seismological observations focusing on the collapse of an impulsive wavelet and the excitation of coda waves revealed the existence of random heterogeneities in the earth medium. We have compiled reported power spectra characterizing random heterogeneities; from a mineral grain size to the upper mantle. Each power spectrum is well approximated by von Karman type; however, the envelope of those power spectra obeys a power-law decay spectrum for a very wide range of wavenumbers.

This paper impacts on knowledge of plate margin deformation and microplate fragmentation in the Central Mediterranean. Seismicity and seismogenic stress, with other geophysical and geological data, deny active rifting in the Sicily Channel and reveal strain distributions in the western Ionian contrasting with models assuming a rigid Apulian-Ionian-Hyblean microplate. We highlight that current oversimplification of lithosphere rheology prevents from appropriate regional geodynamic modeling.

Based on geophysical data integration and 3D gravity modelling, we show that significant density heterogeneities are expressed as two large high-density bodies in the crust below the Sea of Marmara. The location of these bodies correlates spatially with bent segments of the Main Marmara Fault, indicating that rheological contrasts in the crust may influence the fault kinematics. Our findings may have implications for seismic hazard and risk assessments in the Marmara region.